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Mezquita al-Qarawiyyîn, minarete
- Nombre : Mezquita al-Qarawiyyîn, minarete
- Lugar : Fez, Marruecos
- Fecha, periodo de construcción :
Rabi’1 345 H./junio-julio 965
- Material de construcción : Piedra, ladrillo cocido
- Dimensiones : 4,95 m de lado; Altura23,75 m ; ép. : 95 cm
El primer minarete de la mezquita al-Qarawiyyîn ha sido destruido cuando los Zenetas la ampliaron. Luego edificaron la torre situada actualmente al medio del lado sur-oeste del patio. Una inscripción borrada indicaba su fecha de construcción. Se trata de una torre cuadrada con muros de piedra, reforzados a una fecha indeterminada con ladrillos cocidos. Las fachadas no llevan ninguna decoración y sólo llevan minúsculas aperturas con arcos moriscos que aseguran la aeración y la luz. Simple y coronada con lóbulos, la de la parte inferior se halla dentro de un marco rectangular, mientras que el primer piso acoge ventanales geminados. El minarete coronado con una pequeña cúpula hemisférica se termina con una plataforma cuyo parapeto con merlones sobresale sobre la torre. Una puerta situada sobre la parte sur-este de la torre llega a una escalera con un tramo derecho, cubierta con bóvedas de cañón rampantes que permiten al almuecín de subir a la plataforma para realizar la llamada a la oración.
Este minarete adopta el plano cuadrado que existe en las mezquitas de Kairouan y de Córdoba. Ligeramente diferente del primero cuyo plano es compuesto por dos torres superpuestas de forma prismática, la torre de la Qarawiyyîn representa el prototipo del que se inspiraron los arquitectos marroquíes.
Bibliografía de referencia
Golvin L., Essai sur l’architecture religieuse musulmane, t. IV, Paris, 1979.
Ibn Abi Zar’, Rawd al-Kirtas, Rabat, 1990.
Terrasse H., La mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès, Paris, 1968.
Terrasse H., « al-Karawiyyin », in Encyclopédie de l’Islam, segunda edición, t. IV, Leyde, Paris, E. J. Brill, Maisonneuve & Larose, 1978, p. 657-661
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