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جامع القرويين، الصومعة
- الاسم : جامع القرويين، الصومعة
- المكان : فاس، المغرب
- تاريخ/حقبة الإنشاء : تاريخ نهاية الأشغال : ربيع الأول سنة 345هـ/ يونيو- يوليوز 965 م
- مستلزمات الإنشاء : الحجر، الآجر
- الحجم : الضلع : 4،95م ، الارتفاع : ،23,75م ، السمك : 95 سم
هدمت المئذنة الأصلية لجامع القرويين إبان أشغال توسعته من قبل الزناتيين الذين بنوا الصومعة التي توجد حاليا بوسط الواجهة الجنوبية الغربية للصحن.
تؤرخ نقيشة ضاعت الآن بناء هذه المعلمة. هذه الأخيرة عبارة عن مربع مبني بالحجارة خضع للتدعيم في فترة لاحقة بواسطة الآجر. أما واجهات الصومعة فهي غفل عن أية زخرفة تذكر إلا من كوى صغيرة عبارة عن أقواس متجاوزة تمكن من تهوية وإضاءة المبنى. ففي الأسفل تتخذ أشكال بسيطة مقوسة يؤطرها إطار مستطيل، وفي أعلى البناية تتخذ شكل فتحتين مزدوجتين. تنتهي الصومعة بمنصة يحيط بها حاجز تتوجه شرفات، في حين تشغل قبة نصف كروية وسطها. ونصل إلى هذه المنصة عبر درج مستقيم ومقبب ينطلق من الباب الموجود بالجانب الجنوبي الشرقي للمئذنة.
وهكذا فمئذنة جامع القرويين تعتمد على التصميم المربع شأنها في ذلك شأن جامع القيروان وقرطبة . وإذا كانت الأولى عبارة عن بناية مكونة من برجين مختلفين، فإن مئذنة القرويين تشكل النموذج الذي تأثر به المهندسون و البناءون المغاربة.
قائمة المراجع
Golvin L., Essai sur l’architecture religieuse musulmane, t. IV, Paris, 1979.
Ibn Abi Zar’, Rawd al-Kirtas, Rabat, 1990.
Terrasse H., La mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès, Paris, 1968.
Terrasse H., « al-Karawiyyin », in Encyclopédie de l’Islam, seconde édition, t. IV, Leyde/Paris : E. J. Brill/Maisonneuve & Larose, 1978, p. 657-661
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