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The minaret of the al-Qarawīyīn Mosque
- Name : The minaret of the al-Qarawīyīn Mosque
- Place : Fez, Morocco
- Construction date/period :
Work completed in: Rabī’ 1 AH 345 / June–July AD 965
- Construction materials : stone and baked brick
- Dimensions : sides 4.95m; height 23.75m; wall thickness: 95cm
The first of the al-Qarawīyīn Mosque’s minarets was destroyed when the Zenetes, who erected the existing tower in the centre of the south-west courtyard, extended the Mosque. An inscription, which has since disappeared, bore the date of construction. It is a square-based tower with stone walls, which were then reinforced by baked bricks at an unknown date. The facades are undecorated and have only extremely small openings with horseshoe arches, to ensure aeration and light. The facade of the lower part is simple and lobed, whilst on the first storey there are paired bays. The minaret is topped with a small hemispheric dome ending in a platform whose parapet, crowned with merlons, projects from the tower. A door in the south-east side of the tower provides access to a straight staircase covered with a rampant vault that enables the muezzin to climb onto the platform for the call to prayer.
The minaret adopted the square-based plan that had already been developed in the Mosques of Kairouan and Córdoba. The Qarawīyīn differed from the first of these—whose plan constitutes two superposed prismatic towers—and established the prototype that inspired Moroccan architects.
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Golvin L., Essai sur l’architecture religieuse musulmane, vol. IV, Paris, 1979.
Ibn Abi Zara, Rawd al-Kirtas, (The Mausoleum of Writing) Rabat, 1990.
Terrasse H., La mosque al-Qaraouiyin à Fès, Paris, 1968.
Terrasse H., ‘al-Karawiyyin’, in Encyclopédie de l’Islam, second edition, vol. IV, Leyde/Paris: E. J. Brill/Maisonneuve & Larose, 1978, pp. 657-661.
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