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Bowl with horse design
- Title/name : Bowl with horse design
- Production place : al-Andalus
- Discovery place : Madinat Ilbira, Grenad
- Date / period : 10th-11thcentury
- Materials and techniques : Earthenware, Decoration painted onto lead and tin glazing
- Dimensions : D.: 35 cm. ; H. : 8 cm.
- Conservation town : Grenada
- Conservation place : Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico
- Inventory number : CE00855 et 885
This bowl, without a base, with its slightly rounded profile and elegant decoration, is probably one of the finest examples of ceramic art from al-Andalus. Its light-coloured paste is in keeping with the characteristics of objects produced in the Madinat Ilbira area. The bowl was certainly for luxury use and the green and brown (copper and manganese) decoration with an isolated motif on a white background is typical of the caliphal period in al-Andalus. Although there was great animosity between the Umayyad of al-Andalus and the Abbasids, a certain influence from the Near East is to be found in objects made on the Iberian Peninsula.
The horse is wearing a harness and its mane and tail are braided. Its left hind leg is raised and in the saddle sits a bird with its wings spread and the reins in its beak. Between the horse’s feet and just in front of it there is a three-petalled flower and a palmette. The border of the interior is decorated with a frieze of alternating green and brown semi-circles, reminiscent of Abbasid ceramics.
Although they were often used in the art of the Islamic east, the use of animals as decoration on this type of dish was rare in al-Andalus. A few examples are known decorated with peacocks, hares, equidae and even lions[1]. Decoration using a horse is to be found on another bowl from Madinat al-Zahra but the drawing is much less sophisticated. This bowl is also held by the Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico in Cordoba[2].
The bird motif has also been found on several objects from Nishapur[3] (Iran), dated as from the tenth century. This horse, with its powerful hooves and its great height, is quite different from those depicted in the Orient. This is undoubtedly because the races are different. A fragment of aba (tapestry), showing a horse of the same size and power, was found at Fustat and is now part of the Peseaux J. Bouvier collection[4].
[1] Bottle with hare decoration, Granada, Archaeological and Ethnological Museum, inv. 667; Bowl with peacock decoration, Cordoba, Archaeological Museum, inv. MA/MV/1104; Bowl decorated with Lions, Copenhagen, Davids Samlig, inv. 38/1999.
[2] Inv. MA/MV/2001
[3] Nishapur, Iran, Bowl with falconer on horseback, inv. I. 11/62
[4] Inv. JFB M 92
Fresneda Padilla, E. « Ataifor con caballo », in Arte Islámico en Granada, Granada, Consejería de Cultura, 1995.
Fresneda Padilla, E., « Zafa con caballo », in El Esplendor de lo Omeyas Cordobeses, exhib cat., Cordoba, Madinat al-Zahra, 2001, Granada : El legado Andalusí, 2001, p. 175
Gómez-Moreno González, M., Medina Elvira, (ed. facsimile de 1888), Granada : Universidad de Granada, 1986.
Soler Ferrer, Mª P., « Zafa con caballo », in Al-Andalus. Las Artes Islámicas en España. Madrid : Patronato de la Alhambra, 1992, p. 234-235.
Valdés, F., « Ataifor con caballito », in Dos Milenios en la Historia de España, Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 2000, p. 261-263.
Klein, A., Zick-Nissen, J., et Klinge, E. Islamische Keramik, Dusseldorf, 1973.
Les Andalousies: de Damas à Cordoue, exhib cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000-2001, Paris: Hazan / Institut du monde arabe, 2000, p. 63.
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