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Fatimid funerary stela
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- Title/name : Fatimid funerary stela
- Production place : Tunisia, Kairouan
- Discovery place : Tunisia, Kairouan
- Date / period : 363 A.H. / 974 A.D
- Materials and techniques : Sculpted marble, sunk carving
- Dimensions : W. 64 cm; H. 153 cm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Musée des arts Islamiques de Raqqada
- Inventory number : 779
- Inscription :
Inscription of twenty lines in Kufic script with flowery ascenders:
“Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; and there is none like unto Him. Muhammad is the messenger of God. God bless him and grant him salvation. Every soul shall have a taste of death: and only on the Day of Judgement shall you be paid your full recompense. Only he who is saved far from the Fire [of Hell] and admitted to the Garden will have attained salvation: For the life of this world is but goods and chattels of deception. This is the tomb of the qādi Abd Allāh, son of Hāsim. He died on Monday, 23 Shaʻbān in the year 363 [19 May 974], bearing witness that there is no other god but Allah in His unity, that He has no partner, that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger – God bless him and his family, and grant them salvation! – That He sent him with the right direction and the true religion so that it would prevail over all other religions despite the polytheists, that Paradise is a reality, that hellfire is a reality, that the Resurrection is a reality, that the rendering of accounts is a reality, that the hour (of Judgement) will surely come and that Allah will resurrect those who are in their graves. Upon this testimony he has lived and upon it does he die and upon it he will be resurrected. Allah be merciful to those who invoke His mercy and His forgiveness for the deceased, his parents and all Muslims! Taslīa.”
This stela was found in the al-Janah al-Akhdhar cemetery in Kairouan. It was then transferred to the Awlad Farhan collection, then to the Musée des arts islamiques de Raqqada.
It is a rectangular plaque in white-grey marble circumscribed by a listel. The text, consisting of twenty lines, is reproduced exactly on both sides of the plaque. The writing is in Kufic characters, sculpted in relief, with a horizontal baseline. The epigraphic field is adorned with stiff horizontal ligatures with semicircular indentations. The letter endings are bevelled, widened and plant-like. There is a great palaeographic variety on display: five different endings for mim and no less than nine transcriptions of nun. The whole features decorative writing that is exceptionally elegant.
It is worth noting that the funerary stela of the daughter of the deceased, Amat al-Rahmane, made in 1034[1], has also survived.
The techniques and the Fatimid-Zirid style of writing share many similarities with contemporary inscriptions from Egypt, Palestine[2]Algeria[3]. The i and nscriptions of Spain feature a certain archaism compared with those of Kairouan. The rectangular lapidary plaques from Sicily are, although later in date, very similar to Ifriqiyan stelae palaeographically as well as in the choice of the expressions used: this is the case for a stela in the name of Ibrahim Al-Dibajī (who died in 1072) in the Museo d’Arte Islamica in Palermo[4].
[1] Funerary stela, sculpted marble, Kairouan, 1034, Musée des arts islamiques, Kairouan.
[2] Dedicatory inscription relating to the renovation of the Oratory of the Virgin Mary and of the Cradle of Jesus, sculpted marble, Palestine, reign of the Fatimid caliph adh-Dhahir, 1034, kept in Jerusalem.
[3] Funerary stela, rectangular plaque with flowery Kufic script, sculpted marble, Algeria, 1118, found in Bejaïa, Musée national des Antiquités, Algiers, inv. II.S.17.
[4] Stela in the name of Ibrahim al-Dibajī, sculpted marble, Sicily, 1072, Museo d’Arte Islamica, Palermo.
Roy, B. ; Poinssot, P., Inscriptions arabes de Kairouan, Paris : Klincksieck, 1950, vol. 2, fasc. 1, n° 151, pl. 16-17, fig. 15, p. 266-269.
Salameh, K. ; Schick, R., “The arabic stone inscriptions in the islamic museum, al-Haram ash-Sharif, Jerusalem”, in Governing the holy city, Wiesbaden, 2004.
Arabish-normannishe Kunst, Berlin : Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, 2004, p. 48.
L'Algérie en héritage, (cat.exp, Paris, Institut du Monde Arabe, 2003), Paris : IMA / Actes Sud, 2003, p. 297.
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