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El mosaico del ábside principal de la catedral de Poreč
- Nombre : El mosaico del ábside principal de la catedral de Poreč
- Lugar : Poreč, Istria, Croatia
- Fecha, periodo de construcción : mediados del siglo VI
La ciudad de Poreč se sitúa en la costa adriática oriental, en Istria (Croacia). Esta ciudad antigua es la sede de un obispado, comprobado desde el siglo IV. Bajo el episcopado del obispo Eufrasio, a mediados del siglo VI, se reorganizó ampliamente el complejo episcopal. La catedral, dedicada a la Virgen María, se ve entonces dotada de un nuevo santuario con tres ábsides adornados de mosaico.
El mosaico del ábside principal, que reviste el arco triunfal, la semi-cúpula y el muro del ábside, presenta todavía actualmente un perfecto estado de conservación. Su repertorio iconográfico refleja claramente la coyuntura religiosa y política en la época del emperador Justiniano I y el papel importante adoptado por Istria en la política del imperio bizantino.
El mosaico en el arco triunfal representa a Cristo con los doce apóstoles, acompañados de inscripciones que indican su nombre. Cristo bendiciendo está representado en el globo, lleva un libro abierto donde se puede leer «Ego sum lux vera» (Yo soy la luz verdadera). Los apóstoles vestidos de blanco resaltan en el fondo dorado. El intradós[1] del arco triunfal está adornado con una fila de medallones con efigies de santos en un fondo oscuro, mientras que el medallón central representa el Agnus Dei (Cordero de Dios) rodeado de estrellas.
El motivo principal, que muestra a Cristo sujetado por la Virgen en el trono, rodeados de ángeles y santos mártires, ocupa la bóveda del ábside. Sobre fondo dorado, las figuras se alzan en una tierna hierba verde salpicada de flores, mientras que encima de sus cabezas se extiende un cielo cargado de nubes, de donde surge una mano que sujeta la corona. Entre los personajes representados, se distingue a san Mauro, mártir y primer obispo de Poreč, al obispo Eufrasio, constructor de la catedral que sujeta el modelo de su iglesia entre las manos, y al archidiácono Claudio acompañado de su hijo.
En el registro inferior se suceden los personajes de san Juan Bautista y san Zacarías, y las escenas de la Anunciación y la Visitación, representadas en los dos paneles a cada lado del ábside. Una guirnalda de estuco separa el mosaico de las decoraciones de la parte inferior del ábside[2], realizadas en opus sectile multicolor.
A partir del siglo VI, la plenitud del culto de la Virgen se desarrolla en Poreč bajo la influencia bizantina. Se desarrolla rápidamente un rico programa decorativo. Las inversiones imperiales en Istria, de las que la basílica de Eufrasio constituye un buen ejemplo, demuestran las estrechas relaciones que unen la ciudad y su región con Constantinopla.
Milinović D., Ikonografski program mozaika u središnjoj apsidi Eufrazijeve bazilike u Poreču : Carsko pokroviteljstvo i uloga Bogorodice, dans : Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji, Split, 1999-2000, pp. 73-88
Krautheimer R., Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Yale University Press, Fourth edition, 1986, pp. 278-282
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