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The Mosaic in the Main Apse of Poreč Cathedral
- Name : The Mosaic in the Main Apse of Poreč Cathedral
- Place : Poreč, Istria, Croatia
- Construction date/period : Middle of the sixth century
The town of Poreč is located on the eastern Adriatic coast, in Istria (Croatia). This ancient town has been a bishopric since the fourth century. During the episcopacy of Bishop Euphrasius, the episcopal complex was largely modified in the middle of the sixth century. A new sanctuary with three apses decorated with mosaics was added to the cathedral, which is dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
The mosaic in the main apse, which covers the chancel arch, the half-dome, and the wall of the apse, is still in a perfect state of conservation. The mosaic’s iconographic repertoire is a clear reflection of the religious and political climate that existed during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the important role that Istria played in the politics of the Byzantine Empire.
The mosaic on the chancel arch represents Christ with the twelve apostles with inscriptions bearing their names. Christ bestowing a blessing is represented on the orb. He is holding an open book with the words ‘Ego sum lux vera’ (I am the true light) written inside. Apostles dressed in white stand out against a gold background. The intrados[1] of the chancel arch is decorated with a row of medallions with effigies of saints on dark backgrounds, and the central medallion represents the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) surrounded by stars.
The calotte of the apse features the main motif, which shows Christ being held by the Enthroned Virgin, surrounded by angels and holy martyrs. The figures are standing against a gold background on fresh young grass with flowers, and above their heads stretches an overcast sky, from which emerges a hand holding the crown. Amongst the figures represented are St Mauro, a martyr, and the first bishop of Poreč, Bishop Euphrasius, the builder of the cathedral who's holding a model of his church in his hands, and Archdeacon Claude with his son.
St John the Baptist and St Zachariah are represented in the lower section, and the scenes of the Annunciation and the Visitation are represented on the two panels either side of the apse. A wreath in stucco separates the mosaic from the decorations on the lower part of the apse[2], rendered in multicoloured opus sectile (stone inlay).
Beginning in the sixth century, the cult of the Virgin flourished in Poreč under the Byzantine influence. A rich decorative repertoire quickly developed. The imperial investments in Istria, of which the Euphrasius Basilica is a good example, attest to the close links between the town, its region, and Constantinople.
Milinović D., Ikonografski program mozaika u središnjoj apsidi Eufrazijeve bazilike u Poreču : Carsko pokroviteljstvo i uloga Bogorodice, dans : Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji, Split, 1999-2000, pp. 73-88
Krautheimer R., Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Yale University Press, Fourth edition, 1986, pp. 278-282
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