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Islamic Bowl
- Title/name : Islamic Bowl
- Production place : Iran or Iraq; Byzantium (mounting)
- Date / period : Ninth–tenth century; eleventh century (enamels)
- Materials and techniques : Turquoise glass; silver gilt; enamels
- Dimensions : H: 6 cm; D: 18.6 cm; Diameter of the base: 7.4 cm
- Conservation town : Venice
- Conservation place : Saint Mark’s Treasury , n° 140
This lobed bowl in opaque turquoise glass is unique because of the colour and size of the relief, which are unusual for this type of object. It is possible that it was produced in Iran or Iraq in the ninth or tenth century, a period during which the techniques of wheel engraving, point engraving, and polished glass were widely used in Islamic countries. It is not known how this bowl came to be in Saint Mark’s Treasury in Venice. According to legend, the bowl was given as a gift by the Shah of Persia to the Signoria (governing body) of Venice in 1472.
Each of the bowl’s five lobes is decorated with a hare in movement in a section delineated by a continuous line in relief that terminates in a shield in the lower part of the bowl. The hares have been point engraved and are in high relief, and palmettes and other ornaments have also been engraved below the bowl’s rim.
Inside the bowl, the five gold bands that delineate the bowl’s lobes are decorated with stylized scrollwork and palmettes in light relief, which are very close in style to those on the base of the two-handled chalice of the Roman emperor (II), which is also held in Saint Mark’s Treasury. Both pieces date from the tenth century.
There’s a magnificent silver-gilt mount around the bowl’s rim, which is ornamented with enamelled plaques with floral decorations. These plaques, which seem to be Byzantine in origin and probably date from the eleventh or twelfth century, were reused to decorate the bowl in Saint Mark’s Treasury. Each plaque is separated from the next by finely worked panels of filigree that are decorated with precious stones. The stones, which are western in origin, were no doubt added at the same time as the enamel plaques after the bowl had arrived in Venice (probably in the fifteenth century).
On the ring-like base there’s an inscription in Kufic script from the ninth or tenth century that mentions Khorāsān—a vast region in north-eastern Iran famous for its production of turquoise glass. However, a stylistic comparison with the decorations on a fragment of transparent wheel-engraved glass, originating from Samarra and dating from the ninth century, suggests that the bowl in Saint Mark’s Treasury could also have been made in the city of Samarra. Archaeological excavations have proved that luxury objects similar to the bowl in turquoise glass were made in Samarra, the Abbasid capital, Iraq, Nishapur, and eastern Iran.
Exhibition catalogue
Le Trésor de Saint-Marc de Venise, Paris 1984, p. 209-211
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