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RELATED ITEMS
Islamic Bowl
- Title/name : Islamic Bowl
- Production place : Iran or Iraq; Byzantium (mounting)
- Date / period : Ninth–tenth
century; eleventh century (enamels)
- Materials and techniques : Turquoise glass; silver gilt; enamels
- Dimensions : H: 6 cm; D: 18.6 cm; Diameter of the base: 7.4 cm
- Conservation town : Venice
- Conservation place : Saint Mark’s Treasury , n° 140
This
lobed bowl in opaque turquoise glass is unique because of the colour and size
of the relief, which are unusual for this type of object. It is possible that
it was produced in Iran or Iraq in the
ninth or tenth century, a period during which the techniques of wheel
engraving, point engraving, and polished glass were widely used in Islamic
countries. It is not known how this bowl came to be in Saint Mark’s Treasury in
Venice.
According to legend, the bowl was given as a gift by the Shah of Persia to the Signoria
(governing body) of Venice
in 1472.
Each
of the bowl’s five lobes is decorated with a hare in movement in a section delineated
by a continuous line in relief that terminates in a shield in the lower part of
the bowl. The hares have been point engraved and are in high relief, and
palmettes and other ornaments have also been engraved below the bowl’s rim.
Inside
the bowl, the five gold bands that delineate the bowl’s lobes are decorated
with stylized scrollwork and palmettes in light relief, which are very close in
style to those on the base of the two-handled chalice of the Roman emperor (II),
which is also held in Saint Mark’s Treasury. Both pieces date from the tenth
century.
There’s
a magnificent silver-gilt mount around the bowl’s rim, which is ornamented with
enamelled plaques with floral decorations. These plaques, which seem to be
Byzantine in origin and probably date from the eleventh or twelfth century,
were reused to decorate the bowl in Saint Mark’s Treasury. Each plaque is
separated from the next by finely worked panels of filigree that are decorated
with precious stones. The stones, which are western in origin, were no doubt
added at the same time as the enamel plaques after the bowl had arrived in Venice (probably in the
fifteenth century).
On the ring-like base there’s an inscription in
Kufic script from the ninth or tenth century that mentions Khorāsān—a vast region
in north-eastern Iran
famous for its production of turquoise glass. However, a stylistic comparison
with the decorations on a fragment of transparent wheel-engraved glass,
originating from Samarra and dating from the
ninth century, suggests that the bowl in Saint Mark’s Treasury could also have
been made in the city of Samarra.
Archaeological excavations have proved that luxury objects similar to the bowl
in turquoise glass were made in Samarra, the Abbasid
capital, Iraq, Nishapur, and
eastern Iran.
BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED TO THE ITEM
Exhibition catalogue
Le Trésor de Saint-Marc
de Venise, Paris 1984, p. 209-211
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