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Las Huegas Royal Monastery
Real Monasterio de las Huelgas
- Name : Las Huegas Royal Monastery
- Place : Burgos, Spain
- Construction date/period : Twelfth - fourteenth century
- Construction materials : Stone, brick, wood
- Recipient/Mandatory : Alphonse VIII and his wife Leonore of Aquitaine
The Las Huelgas monastery was originally founded to house a royal pantheon. The construction of this monastery, for women of the Cistercian order, was begun in 1187 and continued throughout the thirteenth century. Today, it is run by Cistercian monks and houses the National Museum of Medieval Textiles, where it is possible to admire some beautiful examples of Almoravid and Almohad cloth.
This monastic ensemble, which brings together several architectural styles, is most notable for its fortified aspect. It has a tower and access to the Horsemen’s Portico. Numerous outbuildings have been added over the centuries including ecclesiastical and servants’ quarters, administrative buildings and schools.
The oldest section is the Romanesque cloister, known as Claustrillas. The proto-Gothic church was built next followed by the Saint Fernando cloister in true Gothic style but with Mudejar style vaults.
Almoravid (North Africa and Spain 1056 – 1147) and Almohad (North Africa and Spain 1130 – 1269) influences are clearly present in the architecture of the building. In the Saint Fernando cloister, the arches are immediately noticeable. They show the remains of fine Hispano-Muslim decorative motifs: Garlands, floral elements, Kufic inscriptions, royal bells, griffins… all of these motifs can be associated with certainty with decorative themes present on Andalusian textiles made at the Almeria workshops during the Almoravid period.
Another remarkable piece of the ensemble is the Chapel of the Assumption, dating from the twelfth century, which is in Almohad style with its three floors and high, Muslim cupola. This chapel is built in brick, as was often the case arofthund Toledo during this period.
There is evidence of Mudejar workers participation in the construction of the monastery. In 1304, Fernando IV sent a document to his tax collectors, which mentions the participation of twelve Moorish workers[1].
The Mudejar presence can probably be explained by Alphonso VIII and Leonor the Plantagenet’s desire to incorporate the refined styles of Andalusia with the typically Cistercian architecture employed elsewhere in the monastery. This structure clearly shows the association between the use of shapes and motifs of Islamic origin and a context of showing ones power, albeit the power of the Castilian monarchy.
[1] “That twelve free Moors, (their) workers, who live in the monastery in question… should be excused their dues”
Pérez Higuera, T. « El primer mudéjar castellano : Casas y Palacios », in Casas y Palacios de al-Andalus, Barcelona, 1995, Fundación El Legado Andalusí.
Torres Balbás, L. « Las yeserías descubiertas recientemente en las Huelgas de Burgos », in Al-Andalus, t. VIII, 1945.
Collectif, El mudéjar iberoamericano. Del Islam al Nuevo Mundo, Barcelona, 1995, Fundación el Legado Andalusí.
Collectif, Vestiduras Ricas. El Monasterio de las Huelgas y su época 1170-1340, Madrid, 2005, Patrimonio Nacional.
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