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Oil Lamp
- Title/name : Oil Lamp
- Author : 10th-11th century
- Production place : Probably Spain, al-Andalus
- Discovery place : This lamp was discovered in 1999 among the debris of a shipwreck off the coast of Algeciras
- Date / period :
- Materials and techniques : Cast bronze, engraved and stamped ornamentation
- Dimensions : 9,7 x 23 x 9,2 cm
- Conservation town : Algeciras
- Conservation place : Museo Municipal
- Inventory number : S.N.
- Inscription :
Several instances of Kufic script with bevelled staves: baraka (‘benediction’)
The reservoir, oblate and globular in shape, is surrounded by a smooth trough and stands on a ring-shaped base. Above it is a cylindrical neck that widens towards the top. While the lid is no longer in place, the hinge remains. Opposite its wide, slightly oblique handle in the form of an openwork palmetto is a long spout shaped like a ‘basket’. The reflector is crowned by a stylized bird, a very common motif on lamps and incense burners, the flight of a bird upwards being related to light and perfume.
On the reservoir, the ornamentation is organized in horizontal registers: a band with inscriptions encircles the lamp’s shoulder with a leafy flourishes on its belly and spout. Vertical registers enclosing stamped lozenges form a network encircling the neck.
Juan Zozaya has pointed out that the oblate form of the reservoir is typical of oil lamps during the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba. This piece is similar to an oil lamp in the collection of the Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico in Granada[1], and to another piece at the Instituto Valencia in Don Juan[2].
Oil lamps belonging to this formal style were used in Roman times. Near Granada, on the site of the ancient Madinat Ilbira—destroyed in the early 11th century—an oil lamp with two bronze spouts carries an inscription in Latin preceded by a cross: “Oc opus Salomonis erat”. The inscription served as a way of dating an object in the Hispanic period[3]. The inscription is assumed to be Mozarabic. The famous peacock in the Louvre[4] carries, in addition to the name of the artisan, a Latin inscription, again preceded by a cross: “Opus Salomonis era T X”. Convincing analysis has shown that ‘TX’ was a cryptic date used during the Spanish era, 1010 (TX) corresponding to 972.
[1] Granada, Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico provincial, R.E. 679. This piece has a motif of lozanges similar to those on the neck.
[2] Madrid, Instituto Valencia de Don Juan, s.n. The handle of this lamp shows similarities to the Algeciras lamp and it also has the same motif on the neck.
[3] Madrid, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, inv. 50557. Cf. El Esplendor de los Omeyas Cordobeses, 2001, p. 195 and L’islam y Catalunya, 1998, Barcelona: Lunwerg, 1998, p. 57. The piece is thought to date from 962.
[4] Paris, musée du Louvre, inv. MR 1569
Torremocha Silva, A.; Martínez Enamorado, V., « Candil de
piquera », in El Esplendor de los Omeyas Cordobeses, (exhib. cat., Madinat al-Zahra, 2001, Grenade) : Fundación El Legado Andalusí, 2001, p.
194.
Zozaya, J., « Candil de piquera con tapa de embudo », in El Esplendor de los Omeyas Cordobeses, (exhib. cat., Madinat al-Zahra, 2001, Grenada) : Fundación El Legado Andalusí, 2001, p. 197.
Les Andalousies. De Damas à Cordoue, (cat. exp., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, Paris, 2000), Paris : Institut du monde arabe/Hazan, 2000, p. 117-118.
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