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 Maroc, Lixus, XIIIe SI2CLE.jpg)
جرة صغيرة
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- عنوان/تعيين : جرة صغيرة
- مكان الإنتاج : العرائش، المغرب
- تاريخ/فترة : القرن 13 الميلادي
- مستللزمات تقنية : طين زخرفة مصبوغة ومحززة
- لحجم : ارتفاع :5,16 سم ، قطر القاعدة: 4,8 سم، القطر الأكبر ,511 سم، الفتحة 8،2 سم
- مدينة الحفظ : تطوان
- مكان الحفظ : المتحف الأثري
- رقم الجرد : 1977.51.284
يصنف هذه الإناء ضمن نوعية الجرار الصغيرة. تتميز هذه القطعة بتساوي حجم البدن والعنق، وكانت تستعمل كإناء للشرب. أما طينتها الغير مزججة فهي تسمح بتبخر مستمر للماء وبالتالي الحفاظ على برودته. يحمل الإناء عددا من التشققات ويرتكز على قاعدة دائرية يعلوها بدن أسطواني منبطح ومقبضين كبيرين بيضاوين وعنق خزامي الشكل. يتصل المقبضان بين وسط البدن والجزء السفلي من العنق، وهما مزخرفان بخطوط سوداء متوازية ملونة بأكسيد المنغنيز. أما العنق فيحمل في جزئه العلوي زخارف محززة على الصباغة السوداء وهي على شكل خطوط مائلة بينما يحمل جزؤه السفلي زخرفة شبه مكتوبة بحروف نسخية، وهو موضوع منتشر في جميع بقاع العالم الإسلامي من آسيا الوسطى إلى الأندلس. يقدم بدن هذه الجرة الصغيرة لائحة من الزخارف باللونين الأسود والبني مرتبة بواسطة أشرطة أفقية.
ابتداء من القرن الثاني عشر الميلادي، بدأت تظهر بالأندلس الزخرفة المصبوغة والمحززة وخاصة بمرسية وبلنسية. وتنخرط الجرة التي بين أيدينا شكلا وزخرفة في خصائص المشغولات الأندلسية خاصة الموحدية منها (1147-1269(. وإذا كنا نجهل ما إذا كانت هناك منتجات محلية من هذا الفخار، فإننا لا نستبعد أن تكون مستوردة من الأندلس.
فهرس الموضوع
- Bazzana, A., « La céramique médiévale », in Maroc, les trésors du royaume, (cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais,1999), Paris : Paris-Musées, 1999, p. 164, n° 244.
- Ponsich, M., Lixus, le quartier des Temples, Série études et travaux d'archéologie marocaine, t. IX, Rabat, 1981, p. 127.
- Ataallah, M., « La céramique musulmane à paroi incisée ou peinte de Lixus », in Bulletin d’archéologie marocaine, VII, 1967, p. 627-639.
قائمة المراجع
- Navarro Palazón, J., La cerámica esgrafiada andalusí de Murcia/La céramique hispano-arabe à décor esgrafié, Madrid, 1986.
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