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 Maroc, Lixus, XIIIe SI2CLE.jpg)
Jarrón
Jarrita
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- Título / Denominación : Jarrón
- Lugar de producción : Marruecos, Lixus
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo XIII
- Material y técnica : Pasta arcillosa; decoración pintada y gravada
- Dimensiones : Altura 16,5cm ; Diámetro de la base : 4,8cm ; Diámetro max. : 11,5cm ; Diámetro de la boca: 8,2cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Tetouan
- Lugar de conservación : Museo arqueológico
- Número de Inventario : 1977.51.284
Este jarrón es característico de los recipientes llamados jarrita, (palabra que procede de la palabra árabe djarra, « cántaro »), con un cuello cuya altura corresponde aproximadamente a la de la panza y que sirven de vaso. La ausencia de vidriado permite que el agua se evapore y que permanezca fresca. Esta pieza, que presenta varias grietas, reposa sobre un pié anular coronado con una panza esférica achatada con dos asas altas ovales y un cuello en forma de tulipán. Las dos asas aplicadas sobre la panza surgen de la parte inferior del cuello y son decoradas con líneas negras paralelas pintadas con óxido de manganeso. El cuello cilíndrico lleva en la parte superior una decoración de líneas oblicuas grabadas sobre la superficie pintada. Sobre la parte inferior del cuello se observa un motivo seudo-epigráfico pintado con letras cursivas, motivo frecuente en el mundo islámico, que también existe en Asia central hasta España. La panza contiene un juego de registros decorativos marrón-negro, tabicados por cintas horizontales superpuestas.
Durante el siglo XII, las decoraciones pintadas y grabadas se generalizan en las producciones de al-Andalus, en particular en las regiones de Murcia y de Valencia. La pieza de Lixus posee una forma y trazos estilísticos parecidos a las producciones de este tipo realizadas en Andalucía a partir de la época almohade (1130-1269). Las producciones de al-Andalus pueden haber sido importadas en el Magreb, pero ignoramos si una producción local se ha desarrollado en esta región en la época almohade ó marinida (1196-1549).
Bazzana, A., « La céramique médiévale », in Maroc, les trésors du royaume, cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, Paris, 1999, Paris-Musées, p. 164, n° 244
Ponsich, M., « Lixus, le quartier des Temples », in Série études et travaux d'archéologie marocaine, Rabat, 1981, t. IX, p. 127
Bazzana, A., « La céramique médiévale », in Maroc, les trésors du royaume, cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, Paris, 1999, Paris-Musées, p. 161-164
Navarro Palazón, J., La cerámica esgrafiada andalusí de Murcia/La céramique hispano-arabe à décor esgrafié, Madrid, 1986
Ataallah, M., « La céramique musulmane à paroi incisée ou peinte de Lixus », in Bulletin d’archéologie marocaine, 1967, VII, p. 627-639
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