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Boca de fuente
- Título / Denominación : Boca de fuente
- Lugar de producción : Túnez, Ifriqiya
- Lugar de hallazgo : Túnez, Cap Bon, Beni Khaled
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo X - primera mitad del siglo XI
- Material y técnica : Bronce colado
- Dimensiones : H. 32,5 cm ; L. 28 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Túnez
- Lugar de conservación : Museo del Bardo
- Número de Inventario : 2817
El animal de largo cuello, de cabeza pequeña comparado con el resto del cuerpo y al que faltan las patas delanteras, las orejas y los cuernos, está de pié. Su aspecto es el de un carnero robusto cuyo cuerpo es desproporcionado. El ojo, en forma de almendra y bastante protuberante, se encuentra también en unos altos relieves animales atribuidos a la España andaluza. Lleva colgado en el pecho una media luna sujetada por un lazo alrededor del cuello. Parece que tenga un papel profiláctico puesto que la media luna es el símbolo del Islam.
Esta escultura servia sin duda de boca de fuente, dado que el cuerpo es hueco y que el vientre esta perforado de un orificio que da paso al agua, que debía caer en cascada por la boca del animal. Las fuentes eran un símbolo de prosperidad en el país del Islam y las bocas de fuente en bronce demostraban el gran refinamiento que habían alcanzado las sociedades magrebíes en la Edad Media.
Este ejemplar esta relacionado con una serie de altos relieves en forma de animales, generalmente ciervos, cánidos o pájaros, descubiertos en varios países musulmanes y particularmente en Egipto[1], en el Magreb y en España, como las bocas de fuente en forma de ciervos procedentes de la Medina Azahara, expuestas actualmente en el museo arqueológico de Córdoba (inv. 500) y en el museo nacional de Qatar. Se señalan también unos aguamaniles de bronce en forma de pavo real, de fabricación andaluza, muy probablemente cordobesa (final del siglo X - principio del siglo XI).[2]. Los altos relieves en forma de león también son frecuentes a esta misma época. Pueden ser egipcios[3], o españoles[4], sin ser todos por lo tanto bocas de fuente. Otro espécimen de piedra procede de la excavación de Al Qal'a de Beni Hammad en Argelia[5].
[1] Par exemple : Harvard University Art Museum, inv. 326.183 ; Ham, Keir Collection, inv.29A.
[2] Cagliari, Pinacothèque nationale (inv. 1445) ; Davos, Fondation Furusiyya (s.n.) ; Paris, musée du Louvre (MR 1569).
[3] Deux statuettes de lion d'origine égyptienne et qui servaient de bouche de fontaine sont actuellement conservées au Musée d'Art islamique du Caire (inv.4305) et au Museum für Islamische Kunst de Berlin (inv. I.1959).
Zbiss S.M., Actes du 79e congrès national des sociétés savantes, Argel, 1954, p. 303.
Trésors fatimides du Caire, (cat. exp. Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1998), Paris, IMA, SDZ, 1998.
Museum of Islamic art, State Museums of Berlin, Mainz am Rhein, 2003.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue, (cat. exp. Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000-2001), Paris, Hazan, IMA, 2000.
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