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Bowl with two gazelles
- Title/name : Bowl with two gazelles
- Production place : Tunisia, Tunis
- Discovery place : Tunis, excavation of the qasaba
- Date / period : 14th–15th century
- Materials and techniques : Earthenware; painted decoration on tin glaze
- Dimensions : H. 8 cm; Diam. 20 cm
- Conservation town : Tunis
- Conservation place : Musée de Sidi Kacem al-Jalizi
- Inventory number : A61
This heavily restored pale yellow earthenware bowl, hemispherical in shape with a rounded lip, has a rather thick tin glaze on both its sides. The shapes, both open and closed, have equivalents in North African and Andalusian ceramics.
The animal and plant decoration is in cobalt bleu and manganese brown. Against a background filled with fine blue foliage scrolls, two graceful animals with long ears have been drawn in a stylised manner. They are most probably two gazelles standing face to face and seem to be rushing towards each other. There are two multifoil circular medallions adorned with interlacing are placed on either side.
This piece belongs to the ceramic production of the Hafsid period (Tunisia, eastern Algeria, 1228–1574), during which decoration characterised by great simplicity, expressed in some series through radiating compositions (rose, star, etc.), predominated. This is certainly influenced by the legacy of the Almohad civilisation that reigned over all of the Maghreb and Andalusia for at least two centuries. The animal decoration is well and truly present in this production. It mainly takes the form of, for example, gazelle, rabbit and fish motifs. Other motifs have been attested to, such as that on a piece decorated with a ship that also comes from the excavation of the qasaba of Tunis[1].
Fatimid Egypt also produced ceramic dishes decorated with stylised gazelles[2], whose bodies are nonetheless more harmonious that on the pieces from the Maghreb.
Some ceramic pieces in various shapes decorated with gazelles with long ears and heads tilted back dating from them 12th–13th centuries have also been found in Paterna, Spain[3].
These depictions of animals also have equivalents in the Andalusian and Mudejar ceramics of the early 15th century, like the lustreware of Valencia, Manises, and Málaga, some of which features decorations that are reminiscent of this item[4].
[1] Dish with boat, Tunis, excavation of the qasaba, 14th–15th century, Musée de Sidi Kacem al-Jalizi, Tunis, inv. A.38.
[2] Dish with gazelle, Egypt, 11th century, ceramic with lustre decoration, Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, inv. 14926.
[3] See M. M. Garcia, Las Ollerias de Paterna, vol. I, Siglos XII Y XIII (Valencia: Ayuntamiento de Paterna, 2001), 227, 374.
[4] Bowl with doe decoration from Valencia: Musée de Sèvres, inv. OA 15475. Large jar with gazelles, earthenware with blue lustre decoration on opaque glaze, Málaga (?), Spain, c. 1400, Museo de Bellas Artes, Alhambra, Granada.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (cat.exp., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris : IMA / Adam Biro, 1994, p. 170.
Garcia, M. M. Las Ollerias de Paterna, vol. I, Siglos XII Y XIII. Valencia: Ayuntamiento de Paterna, 2001.
Le calife, le prince et le potier, les faïences à reflets métalliques. Exh. cat. Lyon / Paris: Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon / RMN, 2002.
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