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Bowl with antelope decoration
- Title/name : Bowl with antelope decoration
- Production place : al-Andalus
- Discovery place : The Alcazba of the Castelo de Mertola
- Date / period : Twelfth century
- Materials and techniques : Earthenware, tin glazing, glazing other than tin, decorated using cuerda seca technique
- Dimensions : Height: 8 cm; maximum diameter 25.7 cm
- Conservation town : Mertola
- Conservation place : Museum of Mertola
- Inventory number : CR/CS/001
This is a magnificent example of a dish covered in its entirety with cuerda seca decoration, a technique, which graced many of the twelfth century objects found in the archaeological digs in Mertola. Objects partially covered in cuerda seca decoration were already to be found in al-Andalus during the tenth century. This technique was imported from the Orient at the same time as the coloured decorative glazing known as “green and brown”. It involves drawing outlines on the object using manganese oxide mixed with an oil-based ingredient. Other colours are then painted into these outlines. In this way the colours do not bleed and the manganese oxide evaporates during the firing to leave delicate black outlines.
This dish has the shape of a flat truncated cone with a bevelled lip. The inside border is decorated with palmettes. In the centre we can see a static antelope or deer. This type of design is much less common than birds or lions.
The glazing is well preserved and the original colours have retained their brilliance. The antelope is drawn with great care and we can also observe floral motifs.
Other bowls with antelope designs have been discovered in Sabra (Ifriqiya)[1]. Another example dating from the eleventh – twelfth century, showing a hunting scene featuring an antelope was also discovered during explorations of the Mertola Alcazba[2]. The drawing is however much more stylized and its origins (perhaps Ifriqiya) remain unknown.
[1] Bowl with Antelope decoration, Tunis, Bardo museum. (Bernus-Taylor, 2001, no 225)
[2] Large bowl decorated with a hunting scene, Mertola, Campo Arqueologico. Inv CR/VM/001 (Bernus-Taylor, op. cit no 221).
Bernus-Taylor, M. Las Andalucías de Damasco a Córdoba, exh. cat., Paris, 2001, Institut du monde arabe, Hazan, p. 193, n°225.
Gómez Martínez, S., « Cerámica », in Museu de Mértola, Arte islâmic, Mértola, 2002, Câmara Municipal de Mértola, Campo Arqueológico de Mértola.
Gómez Martínez, S., Museu de Mértola, Cerâmica en corda seca de Mértola, Mértola, 2002, Campo Arqueológico de Mértola.
Martínez Caviró, B., Cerámica hispanomusulmana. Andalusí y mudéjar, Madrid, 1991, El Viso.
Momplet, Míguez, A. E., El arte hispanomusulmán, Madrid, 2004, Encuentro.
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