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Albarello decorated with women
- Title/name : Albarello decorated with women
- Author : Manises
- Date / period : First third of the 15th century
- Materials and techniques : Clay based earthenware, lustred decoration on tin glazing
- Conservation town : Madrid
- Conservation place : Valencia Institute of Don Juan
This type of albarello with its small circular base, slightly narrowed waist, narrow collar and high neck with outward curved lip, was traditionally used by apothecaries.
The glazing was often applied to both the exterior and interior of the vessel in order to render it impermeable. This type of recipient was often used to contain medicinal plants, medicines of mineral origin and ointments. They could also be found in the kitchen, where they would be used to conserve preserved fruits or molasses. The name of this type of vase comes from the Arabic al-burma meaning recipient. This shape was first seen during the 11th and 12th centuries in Iran and then Syria. From the 14th century onwards albarellos and vases became a speciality of the Syrian potteries and were often exported to Italy (filled with spices and pharmaceutical products), as can be seen from the inventories of various Italian princes. From the Renaissance onwards, western production of these objects increased markedly in Spain (15th century due too Moorish presence) and in Italy with ceramics from Faenca and Urbino in the 15th and 16th centuries.
The decoration of these types of object was quite varied using heraldic symbols, geometrical shapes, and zoomorphic figures, mainly masculine but occasionally feminine as is the case here. The figures are framed by small ornamental details including a sebqa motif, which is characteristic of the first third of the 15th century. The women decorating this albarello are tall and slender. Their bodies are shown face on, while their heads are in profile. Their clothing is medieval in style and shows Christian influence with stripes and pleats, as was the fashion during the first half of the 15th century. The neck of the vase is decorated with a frieze made up of parallel lines and spirals.
The ornamental palette of the Valencian potters also known as “Moors”, is in general typically Mudéjar with a mixture of oriental and western influences. The symbiosis between Andalusia and the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon explains the strong similarities between the faiences from Malaga and Manises to the extent that it is often difficult to differentiate between the two.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, Manises produced large quantities of ceramic objects with lustred decoration. There were more than a hundred workshops in Paterna and Manises, filling the great demand for such objects. Recent discoveries have brought to light trade concerning this type of ceramic product with cities such as Majorca, Marseille, Florence, Genoa, Bruges and even Alexandria.
Casanovas, M. A., Cerámica Mudéjar, exh. Cat.. Canciller Ayala. Catedral Nueva María Inmaculada (Vitoria-Gasteiz). Álava, 2007.
Gonzalès Marti, M., Ceràmica del Levante Espanol, Barcelona / Madrid, 1944.
Marinetto Sánchez, P. “Fuente”, in Arte y Cultura en Torno al 1492, Sevilla : Sociedad Estatal para la Exposición Universa, 1992, p. 214.
Martínez Caviró, B., Cerámica Hispanomusulmana, Madrid : Ediciones El Viso, 1991.
Moreno Gómez, M., Cerámica Medieval Española, Barcelona : Universidad de Barcelona : Facultad de Letras, 1924.
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