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The Mudejar Tower of St Martin’s Church
- Name : The Mudejar Tower of St Martin’s Church
- Place : Plaza Perez Prado, Teruel, Spain
- Construction date/period : 1315-1316
- Restoration :
Modified by Quint Pierres Vedel between 1549 and 1551, restored in the 20th century
St Martin’s tower was constructed during the golden age of Mudejar art, at the end of the 14th century. In spite of the Christians’ early conquest of the Aragon region, from the end of the 11th century to the mid-12th century, (1096 Huesca, 1118 Saragossa, 1120 Calatayud…) Mudejar art remains very present. After the Christian occupation, the early structures built were strongly influenced by Western European art, which was principally Romanesque with a strong French influence. After this first phase however, Mudejar art imposed itself in the region, partly because of a lack of stone but also due to the shortage in manpower capable of cutting stone. The area had a great supply of clay and plaster and it was these materials in the form of brick, ceramic, and plaster that were used to build most of the Mudejar constructions.
The ornamental elements of Mudejar art in the Aragon region are rooted in the Hudid tradition of the Aljaferia in Saragossa. The larger of the towers were constructed on the model of the Giralda: Two concentric towers with a staircase running up between them, the inside tower usually being divided into several rooms. This is also true for St Martin’s, with the tower divided into three rooms with ribbed, vaulted ceilings, made of brick. Similar towers can be found at the Madeleine in Saragossa, in Ateca in the Saragossa province, and St Saviour’s church (Salvador) in the Teruel province.
St Martin’s tower is interesting both in terms of its structure, similar to the Almohad minarets topped by a lantern, and for its decoration, consisting of ceramics and bricks in relief: large panels of eight-pointed stars, friezes of recticurvilinear arches and polyfoiled arches.
The decoration was strongly influenced by that of the Giralda in Seville. This links it to other Almohad minarets such as the Koutoubia in Marrakech or the Hasan tower in Rabat. Almohad art often absorbed local elements leading G. Borras Gualis to state “The aura of Almohad art acted as a catalyst on the local traditions, which were far behind in terms of decoration. They quickly began to modernize but without loosing sight of their roots.”
One characteristic of Mudejar art in the Aragon is the use of ceramics in architecture. In the case of St Martin’s tower, ceramic tiles were used to highlight the stars and the bases and shafts of the columns. The thick stone buttress on the south-west flank is part of the complex repairs carried out by Pierres Vedel.
Borrás Gualis, G., El Islam. De Córdoba al Mudéjar, Madrid: Sílex, 1994.
Borrás Gualis, G., « El Arte mudéjar en Aragón y Levante », in El Arte Mudéjar, Saragossa : UNESCO, 1995.
Borrás, Gualis, G., « Arte mudéjar aragonés », in El Mudéjar Iberoamericano. Del Islam al Nuevo Mundo, Granada : Fundacion El Legado Andalusí-Lunwerg, 1995.
Diez Jorge, M.ª E., El Arte Mudéjar: Expresión Estética de una Convivencia, Granada : Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, 2001.
Íñiguez Almech, F., « Notas para la geografía de la arquitectura mudéjar en Aragón », in Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica Nacional, LX-XIV (juin 1934), p. 495-548.
Lopez Guzman, R., Arquitectura Mudéjar, del Sincretismo Medieval a las Alternativas Hispanoamericanas, Madrid : Càtedra, 2005.
Tierra mudéjar. El Mudéjar Aragonés, Patrimonio Mundial, Heraldo de Aragón, 2002, p. 301.
Torres Balbás, L., « Arte Mudéjar » , in Ars Hispaniae, vol. IV, Madrid, 1949.
El Arte Mudéjar. La Estética Islámica en el Arte Islámico, Madrid : ONG Museo sin Fronteras, 2000, p. 110-111.
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