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RELATED ITEMS
The Mudejar Tower of St Martin’s Church
St Martin’s tower was constructed
during the golden age of Mudejar art, at the end of the 14th century.
In spite of the Christians’ early conquest of the Aragon
region, from the end of the 11th century to the mid-12th century, (1096 Huesca, 1118 Saragossa,
1120 Calatayud…) Mudejar art remains very present. After the Christian
occupation, the early structures built were strongly influenced by Western
European art, which was principally Romanesque with a strong French influence.
After this first phase however, Mudejar art imposed itself in the region,
partly because of a lack of stone but also due to the shortage in manpower
capable of cutting stone. The area had a great supply of clay and plaster and
it was these materials in the form of brick, ceramic, and plaster that were
used to build most of the Mudejar constructions.
The ornamental elements of Mudejar art in the Aragon region are rooted in the Hudid tradition
of the Aljaferia in Saragossa.
The larger of the towers were constructed on the model of the Giralda: Two
concentric towers with a staircase running up between them, the inside tower
usually being divided into several rooms. This is also true for St Martin’s,
with the tower divided into three rooms with ribbed, vaulted ceilings, made of
brick. Similar towers can be found at the Madeleine in Saragossa,
in Ateca in the Saragossa province, and St Saviour’s
church (Salvador)
in the Teruel province.
St Martin’s tower is interesting both in terms of its structure,
similar to the Almohad minarets topped by a lantern, and for its decoration,
consisting of ceramics and bricks in relief: large panels of eight-pointed
stars, friezes of recticurvilinear arches and polyfoiled arches.
The decoration was strongly influenced by that of the Giralda in Seville. This links it to
other Almohad minarets such as the Koutoubia in Marrakech or the Hasan tower in
Rabat. Almohad
art often absorbed local elements leading G. Borras Gualis to state “The aura
of Almohad art acted as a catalyst on the local traditions, which were far
behind in terms of decoration. They quickly began to modernize but without
loosing sight of their roots.”
One characteristic of Mudejar art in the Aragon is the use of ceramics in
architecture. In the case of St Martin’s
tower, ceramic tiles were used to highlight the stars and the bases and shafts
of the columns. The thick stone buttress on the south-west flank is part of the
complex repairs carried out by Pierres Vedel.
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Borrás Gualis, G., El Islam. De Córdoba al Mudéjar, Madrid: Sílex,
1994.
Borrás Gualis, G., « El Arte mudéjar en Aragón y Levante », in El
Arte Mudéjar, Saragossa : UNESCO, 1995.
Borrás, Gualis, G., « Arte mudéjar aragonés », in El Mudéjar
Iberoamericano. Del Islam al Nuevo Mundo, Granada : Fundacion El Legado
Andalusí-Lunwerg, 1995.
Diez Jorge, M.ª E., El Arte Mudéjar: Expresión Estética de una
Convivencia, Granada : Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, 2001.
Íñiguez Almech, F., « Notas para la geografía de la arquitectura
mudéjar en Aragón », in Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica Nacional,
LX-XIV (juin 1934), p. 495-548.
Lopez Guzman, R., Arquitectura Mudéjar, del Sincretismo Medieval a las
Alternativas Hispanoamericanas, Madrid : Càtedra, 2005.
Tierra mudéjar. El Mudéjar Aragonés, Patrimonio Mundial, Heraldo de Aragón, 2002, p. 301.
Torres Balbás, L., « Arte Mudéjar » , in Ars Hispaniae,
vol. IV, Madrid, 1949.
El Arte Mudéjar. La Estética Islámica en el Arte Islámico, Madrid : ONG Museo sin Fronteras, 2000, p. 110-111.
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