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Xativa basin
- Title/name : Xativa basin
- Production place : al-Andalus
- Discovery place : Xativa
- Date / period : Eleventh century
- Materials and techniques : sculpted pink marble
- Dimensions : Height: 41.9 cm; Length: 169.9 cm; Width; 67 cm
- Conservation town : Xativa
- Conservation place : Museo del AlmudÃn
- Inventory number : A 25
Water is accorded prime importance in Islamic culture and the same applies to any objects connected to its use. This was obviously the case with this basin, which was certainly intended for a palatial home or ensemble. This basin in the shape of a trough is decorated on its four sides with a sculpted relief. Its shallow depth and magnificent decoration lead experts to believe that it was probably raised above ground level on a stone base. It is quite probable that this basin belonged to a palace or the house of a notable in Xativa.
Its decoration is quite distinctive, in that the hair and clothes of the sculpted figures have deep undulating lines carved into them, which is possibly a reference to the creases found on certain Roman sculptures. The scenes depict the life of the nobility at the time of the Taifas. There are twenty-seven figures in total including a lute player, a naked wet-nurse, a figure drinking in a garden, another figure accompanied by a servant, wrestlers, lions fighting and men warding off lions with spears. There are also more playful scenes with men dancing holding staffs, accompanied by musicians. We can also observe a procession of five men carrying animals, fowl, and fruits and vegetables as well as scenes showing peacocks with entwined necks and festive gatherings around the trees.
The scenes depicting fighting could well be either Sassanid or Roman whereas the images, which include animals, are more oriental in inspiration and have been seen in other areas under Islamic influence. The men dancing with staffs are similar to the decoration on two Fatimid lusterware dishes held by the Islamic Museum in Cairo. Men carrying animals, birds and baskets of fruit and vegetables can also be seen on Fatimid carved wood and ivory objects. The iconography of this particular scene known as “men carrying offerings”, can also be linked to late Roman times. Whatever the case may be, the representations are realistic and belong to the tradition of Abbasid art, which spread throughout Egypt and later across the Muslim dominated West. The scene with the wrestlers, where one is pulling the beard of the other, has its origins in antiquity and this type of scene is to be found in Spain (Pyxis of al-Mughira[1]), on the roof of the Palatine Chapel (1140), or in Iranian art (Ceramic lusterware tiles, thirteenth century).
Most of the themes are inspired by Sassanid, Mesopotamian Roman or Byzantine art. The shape of the basin also recalls Roman or Paleo-Christian sarcophagi.
Baer, E., « The ‘Pila’ of Játiva: A document of secular urban art in western islam », in Kunst des Orients, 7, 1970-71, p. 142-66
Gómez-Moreno, M., « El Arte árabe español hasta los Almohades. Arte mozárabe », in Ars Hispaniae, 3, 1951.
Menéndez Pidal, R., Historia de España, t. VIII *, Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1994, p. 688-689.
Sarthou Carreras, C., El Museo Municipal de Játiva, Valencia, 1947, p- 8-10.
Al-Andalus. Las artes islámicas en España, (exh. cat., Grenade, Alhambra, 1992), Madrid, Ediciones El Viso, 1992, p. 261-263.
Dos milenios en la historia de España: Año 1000, año 2000, (exh. cat., Madrid, Centre Culturel), Madrid, sociedad estatal espaéna nuevo milenio, 2000, p. 215-217.
The art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200, (exh. cat., New-York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993-1994), New-York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993, p. 92-93.
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