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Polycandelon
- Title/name : Polycandelon
- Production place : Tunisia, Kairouan
- Discovery place : Tunisia, Kairouan
- Date / period : Tenth to early eleventh century
- Materials and techniques : Cast bronze, openwork decoration
- Dimensions : D. 31 cm; Th. 1cm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Musée des arts islamiques de Raqqada
- Inventory number : BZ 22
This polycandelon, one of a series of eight, comes from the Great Mosque of Kairouan. It is likely that the Zirid prince al-Mu'izz ibn Badis donated it to the Great Mosque at the same time as he gave the great lighting fixture that bears his name.
An eighteen-branched rosette radiates around the central ring forming triangular segments crowned by small horseshoe arches; springing from it is a second rosette with stems suggesting the plant world, and triangular arches. The curved border comprises nine circular orifices for beakers that alternate with nine almond shape motifs with round tips.
The floral motif using stylised leaves was widely used in the Ifriqiyan art of the ninth and tenth centuries; it is found on the mihrab, the minbar and the maqsura of the Great Mosque of Kairouan. The three chains linked by a suspending ring are attached to the almond-shaped motifs on the edge.
This type of polycandelon uses Byzantine and Coptic models, which were still being produced during the Islamic period, essentially in the Mediterranean area. The Muslim artist has harmoniously substituted the trilobed fleuron and geometrical motifs for the Christian cross of ancient lights, in line with Islamic aesthetics.
The link between this type of object and Christian objects led Georges Marçais to hypothesise that Christians played a role in the practice of metal work and its transmission from Egypt to Spain[1].
This polycandelon from Kairouan shows definite similarities with those discovered in Syria, Egypt and Spain. The most representative pieces were unearthed during the excavations of Madinat Ibira in Granada[2], which brought to light examples similar to those of Kairouan. The striking relationship between those of Kairouan and the Hispanic models suggests that there may have been a copperware school common to the Hispanic world and the Islamic West. Moreover, it seems that this technique spread through Christian Spain, as is proved by a light fixture from an unidentified Christian church at the British Museum.
[1] Les Andalousies, 2000, p. 100.
[2] Granada, Museo Archeologico i Ethnologico, inv. R.E. 552.
Marçais, G. and Poinssot, L. Objets kairouanais, vol. II, Paris/Tunis: Klincksieck/Tournier, 1952, p. 446, fig. 101.
De Carthage à Kairouan, 2000 ans d’art et d’histoire en Tunisie. Exh. cat. Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1982. Paris: AFAA, 1982, p. 219, n° 291.
Tunisie : du christianisme à l’islam. IVème-XIVème siècle. Exh. cat. Lattes, musée archéologique, 2001. Lattes: Landes et Ben Hassen, 2001, p. 183, n° 74.
Marçais, G. and Poinssot, L. Objets kairouanais, vol. II, Paris/Tunis: Klincksieck/Tournier, 1952.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue. Exh. cat. Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000. Paris: Institut du monde arabe/Hazan, 2000, p. 100.
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