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Qantara - Corona de luz (polycandelon)
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Qantara Qantara

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Corona de luz (polycandelon)

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Temas asociados
 
 
 

Corona de luz (polycandelon)

  • Título / Denominación : Corona de luz (polycandelon)
  • Lugar de producción : Túnez, Kairouan
  • Lugar de hallazgo : Túnez, Kairouan
  • Fecha / Periodo : Siglo X - principio del siglo XI
  • Material y técnica : Bronce colado, decoración calada
  • Dimensiones : D. 31 cm ; Ép. 1cm
  • Ciudad de conservación : Kairouan
  • Lugar de conservación : Museo de Arte Islámico de Raqqada
  • Número de Inventario : BZ 22

Esta corona de luz que forma parte de una serie de ocho procede de la Gran Mezquita de Kairouan. Es probable que el príncipe zirida al-Mu'izz ibn Badis la haya legado a la Gran Mezquita al mismo tiempo que la gran linterna que lleva su nombre.

Alrededor del anillo central circular irradia un rosetón con 18 brazos que dibujan unos segmentos triangulares coronados con pequeños arcos de herradura; da lugar a otro rosetón cuyas varillas evocan al mundo vegetal y a arcos triangulares. El borde, contorneado, alterna nueve orificios circulares destinados a recibir los pocillos y nueve motivos en almendra terminados por un nódulo.

El motivo floral a base de hojas estilizadas es muy frecuente en el arte de Ifriqya en los siglos IX-X: lo encontramos sobre el mihrâb, el minbar y la maqsura de la Gran Mezquita de Kairouan. Tres cadenas reunidas por un anillo de suspensión se fijan cada una al platillo a base de un florón en almendra situado en el borde.

Este tipo de corona de luz retoma los modelos bizantinos y coptos, aún fabricados en la época bizantina, principalmente en la zona mediterránea. El artista musulmán ha sustituido con armonía a la cruz cristiana de las lámparas de araña antiguas el florón trilobulado así como algunos motivos geométricos conformes a la estética islámica. La similitud de este tipo de pieza con los objetos cristianos ha conducido Georges Marçais a “hacer conjeturas sobre el papel de los cristianos en la práctica del arte del metal y sobre su transmisión de Egipto hacia España[1]”.

Este farol originario de Kairouan ofrece unas analogías con unos polycandelon hallados en Siria, Egipto y España. Las piezas las más representativas fueron descubiertas durante las excavaciones de Madinat Ilbira[2] en Granada. Otros ejemplares similares a los de Kairouan proceden del mismo lugar. La similitud sorprendente entre los modelos de Kairouan y los modelos hispánicos nos permite evocar que posiblemente existía una escuela de latonería común al Occidente musulmán. Además, parece que esta técnica se haya extendido en la España cristiana, como lo demuestra un farol procedente de una iglesia cristiana no identificada conservado en el British Museum de Londres.

Nota

[1] Les Andalousies, 2000, p. 100.

[2] Granada, Museo Archeologico i Ethnologico, inv. R.E. 552.

Bibliografía del objeto

Marçais, G., Poinssot, L., Objets kairouanais, t. II, Paris, Tunis, Klincksieck, Tournier, 1952,  p. 446, fig. 101.

De Carthage à Kairouan, 2000 ans d’art et d’histoire en Tunisie, (cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1982), Paris, AFAA, 1982, p. 219, n° 291.  

Tunisie : du  christianisme à l’islam. IVème- XIVème siècle, (cat. exp., Lattes, musée archéologique, 2001), Lattes, Landes et Ben Hassen, 2001, p. 183,  n° 74.

Bibliografía de referencia

Marçais, G., Poinssot, L., Objets kairouanais, t. II, Paris, Tunis, Klincksieck, Tournier, 1952.

Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue, (cat. exp., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000), Paris, Institut du monde arabe, Hazan, 2000, p. 100.




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