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RELATED ITEMS
Master Radovan’s Portal
- Title/name : Master Radovan’s Portal
- Author : Master Radovan
- Production place : Trogir, Dalmatia, Croatia
- Date / period : 1240
- Materials and techniques : Stone
- Conservation town : Trogir
- Conservation place : The Cathedral of St Lawrence
Built in the first half of the thirteenth century, the
Cathedral of St Lawrence in Trogir is one of Dalmatia’s finest religious
edifices. It is a three-aisled basilica with a hall, and each of the aisles
terminates in a semi-circular apse. The finest part of the construction is the
Romanesque portal built by Master Radovan in 1240. A Latin inscription on the lintel
of the sculpted portal bears the date of the work and its craftsman, and its
design and execution: FUNDATUR VALVE POST PARTUM VIRGINIS ALME
PER RADUANUM CUNCTIS (...) ‘This portal was
constructed in 1240 after the Glorious Virgin
Birth, by Radovan, who is the best in this art, as evident on the statues and
reliefs, under Bishop Treguan the Tuscan, from the City of Flowers.’ (Florence)
The sculpted portal as it appears today was worked on
by a number of sculptors and modified several times. The different areas
interact in a remarkable way and the coherence of the ensemble is due to the
constant adherence to the initial concept and the unity that governed the
iconographic repertoire.
Most of the portal that can be seen today was the work
of Master Radovan. However, two phases of later work can be also be observed.
The first portal is relatively simple and contains no
sculpture, and its single arch is still visible over the doorway. There are
sculptures of lions around the entrance, surmounted by the statues of Adam and
Eve. The same artist sculpted the three relief carvings of the apostles on the
external southern door jamb, which corresponded to the northern jamb that was
also decorated with figures of the apostles. A late Gothic sculptor created the
apostles that we see today.
Radovan tackled numerous themes. The atlantes on the
portal’s foundations support the jambs on each side of the entrance, which are
adorned with representations of the signs of the Zodiac accompanied by
illustrations for the twelve months. The small columns near the entrance are
decorated with sylvan and mythological scenes. In the middle of the portal’s
upper section, in the centre of the iconographic repertoire, is the lunette, in
which Master Radovan created a unique composition of the scenes of the
Nativity, the Voyage of the Magi, and the Adoration of the Shepherds. The
choirs of angels, the scenes of the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Magi,
and Joseph’s Dream are represented in the semi-circular arch that surmounts the
lunette.
Over the next decades, several sculptors followed Radovan
and worked on the portal, which was extended. Other iconographic scenes were
added to it, such as the Flight into Egypt, the Baptism in the river Jordan,
the Temptation of Christ in the desert, the Entry into Jerusalem, the Washing
of Feet, the Arrest, the Flagellation, the Crucifixion, and the Resurrection
with the Three Maries featuring on the external arch surmounting the tympanum.
The iconographic repertoire
of the portal of the Cathedral in Trogir makes it very original and unique. It
is also remarkable for the variety of its influences, which reveal the
diversity of medieval Mediterranean art, combining elements borrowed from
Romanesque Italian art, Byzantium, and the Muslim East.
BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED TO THE ITEM
Babić I., Dva astronomsko-astrološka motiva na portalu trogirske katedrale, Peristil,
50, Zagreb, 2007, pp.81-94
Babić I., Čovjek,
zmija i majmun na portalu trogirske katedrale, Archaeologia Adriatica, II,
Sveučilište u Zadru, Odjel za arheologiju, Zadar, 2008, pp.573-585
Barral i Altet
X., Maître Radovan dans l’Europe de 1240,
dans : Majstor Radovan i njegovo doba : zbornik radova međunarodnog znanstvenog
skupa održanog u Trogiru 26.-30. rujna 1990. godine, Muzej Grada Trogira,
Trogir, 1994, pp. 59-66
Jurković M., Čitanje simboličkog značenja ikonografskog
programa na portalu trogirske katedrale, in : Majstor Radovan i njegovo
doba : zbornik radova međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa održanog u Trogiru 26.-30.
rujna 1990. godine, Muzej Grada Trogira, Trogir, 1994, pp. 165-178
Le Goff J., L’imaginaire de Radovan, in : Majstor
Radovan i njegovo doba : zbornik radova međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa održanog
u Trogiru 26.-30. rujna 1990. godine, Muzej Grada Trogira, Trogir, 1994, pp.
15-19
Stošić J., Trogirska katedrala i njezin zapadni portal, in : Majstor Radovan i njegovo doba : zbornik radova međunarodnog znanstvenog
skupa održanog u Trogiru 26.-30. rujna 1990. godine, Muzej Grada Trogira,
Trogir, 1994, pp. 67-7
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