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RELATED ITEMS
Mudéjar Church of Santiago
Former Convent of Santa Clara
- Name : Mudéjar Church of Santiago
- Place : Guadalajara, Spain
- Construction date/period : AD 1309
- Construction materials : Brick, stone, masonry, wood
- Architectural pattern : Stucco, paint
- Recipient/Mandatory : Infanta Doña Isabella, daughter of Sancho IV and María de Molina
The church belonged to the convent of Santa
Clara, founded in 1284 by Doña Berenguela, daughter of Alfonso X the Wise.
Infanta Doña Isabella, daughter of Sancho IV and María de Molina, founded a
second convent in another location, by commissioning the construction of the Royal
Convent of Santa Clara at Guadalajara at the beginning of the fourteenth
century. In 1339, Don Alonso Fernández Coronel acquired the large chapel as his
place of burial. Various modifications were made to its appearance in the
seventeenth century.
The church is located in the town's Jewish
quarter. In 1919, the convent was sold to the Count of Romanones, who gave the church (under the
name of Santiago)
to the parish.
The church's decorative qualities demonstrate the
great richness of Mudéjar art, which is typical of the Iberian
Peninsula, where there was a mixture of Islamic and Christian
traditions. Although a large arch indicates the building's original entrance, the
church's façade was constructed in the seventeenth century. Outside, a
row of brick modillions runs along the canopy, as they do along the church
walls. The double sloping roof, whose slopes continue to form an elevated area
at their point of intersection, can be compared to that of the synagogue of
Santa María at Guadalajara and the Synagogue of El Transito in Toledo.
The Church
of Santiago, which is has
no transept, is divided into three naves in the traditional Mudéjar style, the
central nave being the widest. A comparison can be made with the Toledan
architecture of the Church
of San Andrés, as in both
cases there's an absence of symmetry between the central nave and the apse.
The church has a tripartite sanctuary: a
polygonal apse representing the main chapel, whose exterior has typically
Mudéjar brick buttresses, and two lateral chapels. The central apse is very
similar to that of the church of the Santa Clara Monastery (Moguer), which also
dates from the beginning of the fourteenth century. Both edifices also have flat
piers in the lateral naves. A link can also be made between this church, the Santa Maria churches, and
the San Miguel church (Brihuega).
The lateral chapel of the Epistola nave was
founded by Don Diego García de Guadalajara, in 1452. There is a mixture of
Gothic Christian and Islamic influences in the chapel. An Arabic influence can
be seen in the use of lobed arches.
The chapel of the Evangelio nave dates from the
beginning of the sixteenth century, and may have been decorated by Alonso de Covarrubias,
for the burial of Juan de Zúñiga, knight of the order of Santiago.
The elevation is comprised of high pointed
arcades surrounded by rectangular framework resting on octagonal freestone pillars
with typically Gothic bases and capitals. The ensemble is ornamented with Islamic
style stucco, and geometric and epigraphic motifs, containing the word baraka (benediction) in kufic script.
The central nave is covered by a typically Mudéjar coffered ceiling, decorated
with zigzags and knots.
The walls of the large chapel are comprised of
a series of blind pointed arches, constructed in brick with apertures in the
upper parts. It is covered with a ribbed vault. Access to the lateral chapels
is by means of pointed stone arches. One of the chapels, which has a lobed arch
inside, is covered with a ribbed and gadrooned cupola, decorated with paintings
of dragons and the shield of the founder, Don Diego García.
The stucco friezes were inspired by North-African
Almoravid and Almohad buildings, which influenced Sevillian (the Alcázar of
Sevilla) and Toledan
Mudéjar buildings (Synagogue of El Transito and the Moor's Workshop). However, this is the only example of a
Christian building with such friezes.
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Herrera Casado, A., Monasterios medievales de Guadalajara :
una guia para conocerlos y visitarlos, Guadalajara, 1997, Aache Ediciones.
Pavón Maldonado, B., Gualdajara medieval : arte y
arqueologia árabe y mudéjar, Madrid, 1984, C.S.I.C., Instituto Miguel Asin.
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