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Panel with overflowing vase
- Title/name : Panel with overflowing vase
- Production place : Egypt
- Date / period : Umayyad period (AD 661–750)
- Materials and techniques : Wood; carved decorations
- Dimensions : Height 41.5cm, length 21.5cm
- Conservation town : Cairo
- Conservation place : The Museum of Islamic Art
- Inventory number : 15468
This rectangular panel is surrounded by a smooth frame. In the central area is a recipient carved in low relief, from which spill out two interlacing vine tendrils in a figure of eight and cover most of the surface. There are numerous examples of similar panels, alone or integrated into larger ensembles, like a door[1], or a coffer[2]. An ensemble of comparable panels was also used in the decorations of the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
The motif of the vase with overflowing vegetal tendrils already existed well before Islam in the entire Mediterranean world, influenced by Classical culture. It was also used in Roman Tunisia[3], and in the Byzantine[4] and Coptic[5] worlds. This motif also exists in certain Sassanid works. And the vine, which was used in Rome as the symbol of Bacchus, then a Christian one, spread well before the seventh century throughout the Empire and in neighbouring regions. These two motifs were quickly adopted by Islamic art. The overflowing vase motif appeared in the mosaics of the Dome of the Rock (AD 692) and then in Mshatta. It then continued to be used in the Middle Ages and in modern times throughout the Islamic world. The same is true for the vine, which lost its iconographic characteristics and became a simple decorative motif. The tendrils in a figure of eight is both reminiscent of the Church of Santa Barbara in Cairo, and the bronze panels on the lintel of the eastern entrance of the Dome of the Rock, while the mosaics of the same monuments have more complex scrolled patterns.
A particularity of this panel is the recipient, in the shape of a bulbous cylinder with hatched decorations, from which emerge the vegetal motifs. Far from following classical Roman-Byzantine forms, usual in this kind of decoration, this vase appears, in fact, to be wickerwork, similar to that used as a donkey’s trough on an almost contemporary Coptic panel. It can also be found in the pre-Islamic Christian mosaics of Qasr al-Hallabat (Jordan).
[1] Doors of the Church of Santa Barbara, wood, fourth to fifth century, Cairo.
[2] Panel with lion devouring an antelope, wood, the Coptic Museum, Cairo, Egypt, No. 10519.
[3] Dionysus as a child, straddling a tigress, mosaic, El-Jem (Tunisia), from the Roman period.
[4] Sixth-century mosaic, Hama (Syria)
[5] Top of a limestone niche with overflowing vase, fifth century, the Coptic Museum, Cairo.
Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaAnglade, Elise, Catalogue des boiseries de la section islamique. Paris, ux, 1988.
Ettinghausen, R., Grabar, O., Islamic art an architecture, 650 – 1250, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1987.
Gabra, G., Le Caire, le musée copte & les anciennes églises, Cairo, Egyptian international Publishing company – Longman, 1996.
Impelluso, L., La nature et ses symboles, Milan, Mondadori Electa spa, 2003.
Rutchowskaya, M.- H., Bénazeth, D., L’art copte en Égypte, 2000 ans de christianisme, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000, Cap d’Agde, Musée de l’éphèbe, 2000 – 2001), Paris, Institut du monde arabe, Gallimard, 2000.
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