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The Hermitage of San Sebastian
- Name : The Hermitage of San Sebastian
- Place : Granada, Spain
- Construction date/period : 13th Century
- Author : Construction supervisor: al-Sayyid Is’haq
- Inscriptions :
Engraved in Spanish on marble: “It was here that king Fernando stopped on the banks of the Rio Genil, at the place, where today the hermitage of San Sebastian can be found. In this same place, the Moorish king accompanied by knights belonging to his following…”
- Restoration :
The building was first restored in 1615. The site was again restored by L.Torres Balbas and Prieto Moreno in the 1950s.
The historic importance of this building lies in the fact that it is the only existing ribat in the city of Granada It is situated on the left bank of the Rio Genil at the end of the Ribera del Violon and was built in 1218, during the Almohad era. It was first used as a living space for those who wanted to isolate themselves from the city and dedicate their lives to contemplation, prayer and meditation. A number of ascetics were also buried here.
The building has a square layout and its walls are made of clay. It has one entrance, which passes through a brick, horseshoe arch set in a rectangular frame also made of brick. Inside the building there is a magnificent cupola built with bricks decorated with pairs of fine ribs, placed on top of each other to form the dome. The cupola is octagonal in shape and is ornamented with stucco ribs, which when they reach the keystone form a cross. In several areas of the cupola, we can see false angles formed by groins in the form of half-vaults. This type of Cupola is called a qubba by the Muslims and was frequently used in funeral architecture. Originally the cupola would have been visible from the exterior, but today it is hidden by a roof, which supports a small bell tower.
It was close to here that king Boadil is said to have given the keys to the city to the catholic kings on the 2nd January 1492 and the first thanksgiving mass was celebrated as the inscription in marble indicates.
After the conquest, many of these ribats in al-Andalus were abandoned or converted for use by Christians. It was at this time that this edifice was dedicated to Saint Fabien and Saint Sebastian.
Gallego Burín, A., Guía Artística e Histórica de la Ciudad, Granada, 1946.
Gómez Moreno, M., Guía de Granada, t. I, (facsimile of the 1892 guide), Granada: University of Granada, 1994.
Huici Miranda, A., Al-Hulal al-Mawsiyy, Crónica Árabe de las Dinastías Almorávide, Almohade y Benimerín, Tétouan: Editora marroquí, 1951.
Jerez Mir, C. Guía de Arquitectura de Granada, Granada, 2003.
López Guzmán, R., (coord.), Arquitectura de al-Andalus (Almería, Granada, Jaén, Málaga), Granada: Editorial Comares-Fundación / El Legado Andalusí, 2002.
Torres Balbás, L., « Rábitas hispanomusulmanas », in Al-Andalus, vol. XIII, 1948, p. 475-491.
VV.AA. Itinerario Cultural del Almorávides y Almohades, Granada: Fundación El Legado Andalusí, 1999.
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