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Instrumentos médicos
- Título / Denominación : Instrumentos médicos
- Lugar de hallazgo : Al-Andalus
- Ciudad de conservación : Torrecampo
- Lugar de conservación : Museo PRASA
- Número de Inventario : 5.414-33
La medicina andalusí continúa con la practicada en Oriente en época medieval, que se desarrolló principalmente gracias a un gran proyecto de traducciones al árabe de obras científicas griegas, persas, hindúes… En al-Andalus el médico cordobés al-Zahrâwî, conocido como Abulcasis (siglo X), personaje excepcional, contribuyó a su perfeccionamiento. Su obra médica, titulada Kitâb al-tasrîf li-man ‘ayiza ‘an al-ta’alif (Libro para ejercer (la medicina) sin tener que recurrir a otros textos), compilación de los conocimientos de la Antigüedad, constituye la cumbre de la medicina andalusí. Este libro destaca por sus exhaustivas descripciones médicas. Traducido al latín por Gerardo de Cremona en Toledo en el siglo XII, proporcionó a su autor una merecida fama tanto en Oriente como en Occidente.
Entre sus obras hay que citar en particular un completísimo tratado de cirugía. Algunos de sus manuscritos están ilustrados por instrumentos quirúrgicos, de los que describe casi doscientos modelos: cauterios, espátulas, agujas, cánulas, bisturís, escalpelos, sierras, ganchos, fórceps, jeringas, sondas, tenazas, …
En la actualidad podemos contemplar algunos de estos instrumentos quirúrgicos utilizados en al-Andalus en distintos museos, entre otros el Arqueológico Nacional, el Museo de Alicante o el museo PRASA.
Bibliografía de referencia
Castells, M., « La medicina en al-Andalus », in El legado científico andalusí, Madrid, 1992, Ministerio de Cultura.
Djebar, D., « Al-Zahrawi, Kitab al-tasrif li-man ‘ajiza ‘an al-ta’alif », in L’âge d’or des sciences arabes, cat. exp., Paris, Arles, 2005, Institut du monde arabe, Actes Sud, p. 169-171
La medicina en al-Andalus, Madrid, 1999, Fundación El Legado Andalusí.
Zozaya, J., « Instrumentos quirúrgicos andalusíes », in Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, nº20, 1984.
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