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معدات طبية
- عنوان/تعيين : معدات طبية
- مكان الاكتشاف : الأندلس
- مدينة الحفظ : توريكامبو
- مكان الحفظ : متحف برازا
- رقم الجرد : 5.414-33
يحتل الطب الأندلسي مكانا مهما في استمرارية الممارسات الطبية في المشرق في العصر الوسيط، ويعود تطوره، بشكل خاص، إلى حركة الترجمة الواسعة للمراجع العلمية العربية والإغريقية والإيرانية والهندية. وساهمت شخصية علمية مميزة في الأندلس في تطويره وتنميته : الطبيب القرطبي الزهراوي (القرن العاشر).
يُمثل مؤلفه الطبي "كتاب التصريف لمن عجز عن التأليف" الذي يجمع مجمل علوم العصور القديمة، ذروة الطب في الأندلس. وهو كتاب مميز من حيث وصفه الشامل للعلوم الطبية. وترجمه جيرار دي كريمون إلى اللغة اللاتينية مما أعطى الزهراوي شهرة واسعة في الشرق وفي الغرب.
ومن ضمن مؤلفات الزهراوي نذكر بشكل خاص، كتابه الذي يتكلم بشكل كامل عن علم الجراحة. كما تشتمل بعض مخطوطاته على رسوم لمعدات الجراحة، بحيث يصف ما يقارب ال 200 نموذج : مكاوي، ملاوق، أبر، أنابيب، مباضع، مشارط، مناشير، محاجن، ملاقط الأجنة، محاقن، محجاج وملاقط.
ويمكننا في أيامنا هذه، أن ننظر بإعجاب إلى بعض الأدوات الجراحية التي كانت تستخدم في الأندلس، المعروضة في مختلف المتاحف ومنها متحف الآثار الوطني ومتحف أليكانتي أو متحف برازا.
قائمة المراجع
Castells, M., « La medicina en al-Andalus », in El legado científico andalusí, Madrid, 1992, Ministerio de Cultura
Djebar, D., « Al-Zahrawi, Kitab al-tasrif li-man ‘ajiza ‘an al-ta’alif », in L’âge d’or des sciences arabes, cat. exp., Paris, Arles, 2005, Institut du monde arabe, Actes Sud, p. 169-171
La medicina en al-Andalus, Madrid, 1999, Fundación El Legado Andalusí
Zozaya, J., « Instrumentos quirúrgicos andalusíes », in Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, nº20, 1984
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