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Lip of a well with vegetal and epigraphic embellishment
- Title/name : Lip of a well with vegetal and epigraphic embellishment
- Production place : Córdoba, Spain?
- Discovery place : Córdoba, Spain
- Date / period : 12thcentury
- Materials and techniques : Clay-based earthenware, partial cuerda seca
- Dimensions : H. 63, 8 cm. ; D. 74 cm
- Conservation town : Córdoba
- Conservation place : Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico provincial
- Inventory number : inv. CE007515
- Inscription :
On the apex in double bevelled Kufic script, within the upper band: “Perfect happiness, prosperity and complete blessings”.
The main body of this lip has a cylindrical form but its mouth, underscored by an open lip in quadrangular section, is octagonal. A circular pad underscores the lower part. The base, which is slightly wider, provides stability.
It is embellished with a copper oxide glazing, making for a green colour, in line with the technique of partial cuerda seca whereby only the motifs—in a single painted outline—are glazed and the background remains bare. The upper moulding is decorated with little green dots, identical to the ones decorating the band that divides the vertical registers of the middle section. Under the lip is a frieze with epigraphic motifs or letters, interlaced with vegetal forms. The ‘swan’s neck’ shape of some of the letters, as well as the curves connecting them, are characteristic of the 12th century. In the middle section, rectangular cartouches enclose, in an arcade of oversized arches, a vegetal composition formed of two superimposed leafy palmettes, one closed, one wide open, with hanging branches.
This lip of a well is comparable with others from around the same period, one of which is exhibited at the Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba[1]. Most of those embellished with cuerda seca were discovered in Córdoba and are believed to have been produced locally during the Almohad epoch.
The technique of partial cuerda seca began in the Middle East, undoubtedly in the 9th century, as a small number of pieces testify, among them the little jug at the Louvre, discovered in Suse[2]. The technique then crossed the Mediterranean and introduced in al-Andalus towards the middle of the 10th century[3]. It developed primarily in this region before becoming established in the Maghreb where it began to be produced most probably from the early 12th century. This technique later became widespread in Turkey, Iran and India to decorate architectural tiles[4]. A production also developed in France, in particular in the Longwy workshops, during the first half of the 20th century as part of a revival of Europe’s decorative arts[5].
[1] Such as the piece: inv. CE028060 with partial cuerda seca.
[2] Paris, Musée du Louvre, inv. MAOS 383.
[3] See, for example, the objects discovered at Almería (Domínguez Bedmar M., Muñoz Martín M.M., Ramoz Díaz J.M., “Madinat al-Mariyya, estudio preliminar de las cerámicas aparecidas en sus atarazanas”, in Segundo Congreso de Arqueología medieval española, t. II., Madrid: Consejería de cultura y deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid, 1987).
[4] For general reference, consult Porter, V., Islamic Tiles, London: British Museum Press, 1999, as well as the bibliographic references cited in the essay on ‘cuerda seca’.
[5] Peiffer, J., 1798-1998, Longwy, faïences et émaux, Metz: Serpenoise, 1998, p.100-102.
Les Andalousies. De Damas à Cordoue, (exhib. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, Paris, 2000), Paris : Institut du monde arabe/Hazan, 2000, p. 148.
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