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Dish with boat motif
- Title/name : Dish with boat motif
- Production place : Spain, al-Andalus
- Discovery place : Spain, Alcazaba de Málaga
- Date / period : 14thcentury
- Materials and techniques : Clay based earthenware, decorated with metallic lustre and cobalt embellishments on leaded tin glazing
- Dimensions : D.: 54 cm ; H.: 23 cm.
- Conservation town : Málaga
- Conservation place : Museo de Málaga
- Inventory number : A/CE05724
- Inscription :
This large dish, with its truncated conical profile and raised edges, is decorated with a ship motif. The decoration was accomplished using a metallic lustre embellished with cobalt blue. Malaga was one of the main production centres for this style of decoration. This decorative technique was developed in the 9th century, in the Mesopotamian potteries and was first described in a treatise by the Persian ‘Abû l-Qâsim dating from 1301. The chemical recipes used in al-Andalus, where the metallic lustre style reached its peak during the Nasrid era, remain unknown. As early as 1337 Al-‘Umarî wrote in his description of the Kingdom of Grenada at the time of Yûsuf I that Malaga was famous for its ceramics decorated with “metallic lustre without equal”. In 1356 the indefatigable traveller Ibn Battûta declared, “[…] in Malaga crockery of such quality is produced that it is exported to the most far-removed of countries”.
This dish was undoubtedly part of a set of luxury crockery used for domestic purposes. The central motif shows a boat of Christian origin. The vessel or coca is equipped with a sternpost rudder and sails filled by the wind. The central motif is surrounded by a profusion of plant motifs, scrolled patterns and small flowers. Beneath the keel, it is possible to make out four large fish.
The boat motif had already been noted on 10th century lustre ceramics1 or as a motif in green and brown in the 11th century but it was only during the Nasrid era that this type of decoration became more commonplace. Antecedents to the boat motif used to embellish Nasrid pottery can be seen on dishes typical of 11th century Majorcan production to be found in the Museo Nazionale di San Matteo in Pisa.
Examples of similar but later craftsmanship to the Malaga dish are conserved in museums in Berlin, Tunis, Almeria and in Granada’s Alhambra2.
Archaeological discoveries have confirmed the exportation of metallic lusterware ceramics produced in Malaga to England and the Netherlands during the second half of the 13th century and throughout the 14th century. A magnificent Nasrid dish decorated with a 15th century Portuguese ship can be seen at he Victoria and Albert Museum in London3. Ottoman artefacts from Iznik often display the same style of motif, on dishes4, pitchers5 and in paintings representing different Mediterranean ports such as Lepante6.
2 Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, Berlin: nº inv. KGM 1906,99; Museo de la Alhambra: nº inv. 14.964.
3 Inv. 486-1864.
4 Iznik, end of 16th century, Copenhagen, Davids Samling, 24/1975.
5 Louvre Museum, Department of Islamic Arts, second quarter of 16th century, inv. OA 7880/61.
6 Turkey, 1540-1550, Istanbul, Topkapi Sarayi Müzesi, 17/378.
[1] Lusterware dish, 10th century, Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, inv. 7900.
2 Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, Berlin: nº inv. KGM 1906,99; Museo de la Alhambra: nº inv. 14.964.
3 Inv. 486-1864.
4 Iznik, end of 16th century, Copenhagen, Davids Samling, 24/1975.
5 Louvre Museum, Department of Islamic Arts, second quarter of 16th century, inv. OA 7880/61.
6 Turkey, 1540-1550, Istanbul, Topkapi Sarayi Müzesi, 17/378.
Barral i Alter, X. et al., Mediterraneum. El Esplendor de Mediterráneo Medieval s. XIII-XIV, Barcelona, 2004.
Bertí, G. et alii. Naves Andalusíes en Cerámicas Mallorquinas, Palma de Majorca. Dirección General de Cultura, 1993.
Martínez Caviró, B., Cerámica Hispanomusulmana, Madrid : El Viso, 1991.
Martínez Enamorado, V., “Ataifor con nave“, in Ibn Jaldún. El Mediterráneo en el siglo XIV (Cat. piezas), exh. cat. Seville, Alcazar, Granada : El legado andalusí, 2006, p. 172.
Puertas Tricas, R., La Cerámica Islámica de Cuerda Seca en la Alcazaba de Málaga, Málaga : Ayuntamiento de Málaga, 1989.
Puertas Tricas, R., “La Loza dorada de Málaga”, in Jábega, nº 70, Málaga 1990, p. 12-23.
Roselló Bordoy, G., “Ataifor de la nave”, in Al-Andalus. Las Artes Islámicas en España. Madrid : Patronato de la Alhambra, 1992, p. 361.
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