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قارورة زجاجية
- عنوان/تعيين : قارورة زجاجية
- مكان الإنتاج : لبنان
- مكان الاكتشاف : لبنان، بعلبك
- تاريخ/فترة : القرن الحادي عشر – القرن الثاني عشر
- مستللزمات تقنية : زجاج منفوخ
- لحجم : ارتفاع : 10.2 سم ؛ قطر: 6.7 سم
- مدينة الحفظ : برلين
- مكان الحفظ : متحف الحضارة الإسلامية
- رقم الجرد : I.3300
يشكل الزجاج الغير مزخرف والخزف الغير مزجج، القطع الأكثر وجودا في المواقع الأثرية. وقطعتنا هذه هي عبارة عن قارورة مهمة بسبب حالة حفظها الجيدة، صنعت بواسطة طريقة النفخ. ولها عروتان تربطان عنقها ببدنها الدائري المسطح وهي خالية من أية زخرفة. يذكرنا شكلها بالمطرات المعروفة باسم "مطرات الحجاج" المصنوعة من الطين المطبوخ والتي حظيت بشعبية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط منذ العصور القديمة[1]. يسمح حجمها الصغير بافتراض أنها كانت تحمل مرهما أو عطرا على شاكلة المرشات العديدة المعروفة خلال الفترة الأيوبية والمملوكية بمصر وسوريا. لقد تم صنعها بمنطقة سورية - فلسطينية منذ النصف الأول من القرن الأول قبل الميلاد. إن طريقة النفخ قد غيرت تماما إنتاج الزجاج بحيث سهلت عملية إنتاج الأواني الزجاجية، وساهمت وشجعت توزيعها لدى الطبقات الأقل غنا إذ تمكن هذه التقنية من إنتاج أشكال متنوعة في أقل وقت ممكن. لقد عرف فن الزجاج انحطاطا في أوروبا مع سقوط الإمبراطورية الرومانية في الغرب، بينما ازدهر في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية وبعض المناطق المختلفة من الشرق الأدنى والأوسط كلبنان وسوريا ومقاطعات رومانية سابقة. ففي لبنان كانت بعلبك مركزا مهما لصناعة الزجاج بالنظر إلى نوعية القطع التي تم العثور عليها في الحفريات، وأظهرت كذلك كل من صور وبيروت وجود ورش لصناعة الزجاج.
فهرس الموضوع
Kröger, B., Berlin Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz Museum für Islamische Kunst, Glass, Main-sur-le-Rhin, 1984, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, p. 147-48, n° 130
Liban, l’autre rive, cat. exp., Paris, 1998, Institut du monde arabe, p. 222-223
قائمة المراجع
Carboni, S., Glass from Islamic Lands, Londres, 2001, Thames & Hudson
Carboni, S., « L’art du verre sous les Ayyoubides et les premiers décors émaillés et dorés » in L’Orient de Saladin, l’art des Ayyoubides cat. exp., Paris, 2001, Institut du monde arabe, Gallimard, p. 137-139
Carboni, S., Lacerenza, G., Whitehouse, D., « Glassmaking in Medieval Tyre: the written evidence », Journal of Glass Studies, 45, 2003, p. 139-150
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