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خاتم
- عنوان/تعيين : خاتم
- مكان الإنتاج : مصر أو سوريا
- مكان الاكتشاف : لبنان ، محافظة البقاع
- تاريخ/فترة : القرن الحادي عشر
- مستللزمات تقنية : ذهب، زخرفة بالأسلاك المفتولة والحبيبات
- لحجم : ارتفاع: 2،5 سم ؛ سمك: 1،6 سم
- مدينة الحفظ : بيروت
- مكان الحفظ : المتحف الوطني
- رقم الجرد : 16145
- سجيل/لغة المصدر :
الملك
- استنساخ :
- ترجمة :
أنجز الخاتم بدقة عالية بواسطة تقنية الأسلاك المفتولة والحبيبات. وعثر عليه بمحافظة البقاع خارج عملية حفريات أثرية. ينتمي إلى مجموعة من المجوهرات الذهبية اقتنيت من طرف المتحف الوطني في بيروت، وهو في حالة حفظ جيدة مما يشهد على متانة بنيته. كتبت بالعربية وبخط كوفي كلمة الملك داخل قفص الفص المستطيل ذو الحافات الهندسية. تغطي زخارف هندسية باقي المساحات. توجد كثير من الخواتم من نفس النموذج في مجموعات مختلفة إحداها تنسب إلى مصر أو سوريا وتمثل عملا مماثلا ونقيشة غير واضحة . هناك خواتم مماثلة محتفظ بها في مجموعة ناصر د. خليلي بلندن وزوكر Zucker . يمكن للحلي أن تحمل كالخزف والأثواب، زخرفة ذات صيغ مأتمية موجهة إلى أشخاص مجهولي الهوية.
تنحدر تقنيات الحبيبات والأسلاك المفتولة في الصياغة من عادات هلينية وإيرانية قديمة، والتي وُجدت من بعد وبشكل مؤكد، في الفترة الفاطمية حيث بلغت أوجها. نجد هذه التقنيات على العديد من الحلي الذهبية، من أقراط وقلادات وزخرفة أحزمة. كما استعملت الأسلاك المفتولة في نفس الفترة على قطع غربية مختلفة. يمكن أن يكون صاحب هذا الخاتم امرأة كما يمكن أن يكون رجلا، رغم أنه في الإسلام يمنع على الرجال حمل الذهب، وتشهد النصوص من العصر الوسيط على وجود حلي من الذهب مرصعة بأحجار كريمة حملت من طرف الرجال.
فهرس الموضوع
Liban, l’autre rive, Cat. Exp., Paris, 1998, Institut du Monde Arabe, Flammarion, p. 256-257
قائمة المراجع
Content, D. J., Islamic Rings and Gems, The Benjamin Zucker Collection, Londres, 1987, Philip Wilson Publishers
Jenkins, M., Keene, M., Islamic Jewelry in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1982, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Jenkins, M., « Fatimid Jewelry, Its Subtypes and Influences », in Ars Orientalis, 18, 1988, p. 39-57
Shalem, A., « Jewels and Journeys: The Case of the Medieval Gemstone called al-Yatima », in Muqarnas, 14, 1997, p. 42-56
Wenzel, M., Ornament and Amulet: Rings of the Islamic Lands, Londres, 1993, The Nour Foundation & Azimuth Editions
Trésors fatimides du Caire, cat. exp., Paris, Gand, 1998, Institut du monde arabe, Snoeck Ducaju & Zoon
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