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Ring
- Title/name : Ring
- Author : Egypt or Syria
- Discovery place : Lebanon, Beqaa region
- Date / period : 11th century
- Materials and techniques : Gold; filigree and granulation ornamentation
- Dimensions : Height, 2.5 cm; thickness, 1.6 cm
- Conservation town : Beirut
- Conservation place : National Museum
- Inventory number : 16145
- Inscription :
الملك
- Transcription (fr, eng, esp) :
al-mulk
- Translation :
« sovereignty »
Made using filigree and granulation techniques, this very refined ring was discovered in the region of Beqaa, with no archaeological context, and is part of a collection of gold jewellery acquired by the National Museum of Beirut. It is in excellent condition, which attests to the sturdiness of its structure. In the rectangular bezel with a geometric border, the Arabic word "al-mulk" (meaning sovereignty) is engraved in Kufic script; the rest of the surface is completely covered in geometric patterns.
There are several rings of this type in various collections. One of them, attributed to Egypt or Syria, is crafted in much the same way, but has an illegible inscription[1]. Other similar rings are preserved in the Nasser D. Khalili (London) and Zucker collections. As with ceramics and fabrics, jewellery could be adorned with votive phrases for their recipient, for the most part anonymous.
The granulation and filigree techniques in goldsmithing and silversmithing, stemming from a long-standing Antique, Hellenist and Iranian tradition, are clearly evidenced during the Fatimid period, when they reached an apogee. They are found on many pieces of gold jewellery, earrings, necklaces, belt ornaments, etc. Filigree was also used, during this same period, on various Occidental works.
The wearer of this piece of jewellery may have been a woman or a man: despite the fact that it was forbidden for men to wear gold in Islam, Medieval sources attest to the existence of gold jewellery set with precious stones that were worn by men.
Liban, l’autre rive, Cat. Exp., Paris, 1998, Institut du Monde Arabe, Flammarion, p. 256-257.
Content, D. J., Islamic Rings and Gems, The Benjamin Zucker Collection, Londres, 1987, Philip Wilson Publishers.
Jenkins, M., Keene, M., Islamic Jewelry in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1982, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Jenkins, M., « Fatimid Jewelry, Its Subtypes and Influences », in Ars Orientalis, 18, 1988, p. 39-57.
Shalem, A., « Jewels and Journeys: The Case of the Medieval Gemstone called al-Yatima », in Muqarnas, 14, 1997, p. 42-56.
Wenzel, M., Ornament and Amulet: Rings of the Islamic Lands, Londres, 1993, The Nour Foundation & Azimuth Editions.
Trésors fatimides du Caire, cat. exp., Paris, Gand, 1998, Institut du monde arabe, Snoeck Ducaju & Zoon.
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