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Temas asociados
Anillo
- Título / Denominación : Anillo
- Lugar de producción : Egipto o Siria
- Lugar de hallazgo : Líbano, Región de la Beqaa
- Fecha / Periodo : siglo XI
- Material y técnica : Oro; decoración de filigrana y acordonado
- Dimensiones : A. 2,5 cm; Esp. 1,6 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Beirut
- Lugar de conservación : Museo nacional
- Número de Inventario : 16145
- Inscripción :
En arabe :
الملك
- Transcripción :
al-mulk
- Traducción :
«poder»
Realizado según las técnicas de la filigrana y el acordonado,
este anillo de gran fineza fue descubierto en la región de la
Beqaa, sin contexto arqueológico, y forma parte de un lote de joyas de oro
adquirido por el Museo nacional de Beirut. Está en excelente estado de conservación, lo que
demuestra la solidez de su estructura. En el engaste rectangular con borde
geométrico, la palabra «poder» en árabe está trazada en cúfico; el resto
de la superficie está completamente cubierto de motivos geométricos.
Varios anillos del mismo tipo están presentes en
diversas colecciones. Uno de ellos, atribuido a Egipto o a Siria, presenta un
trabajo muy cercano, así como una inscripción ilegible[1].
Otros anillos similares se conservan en las colecciones Nasser D. Khalili
(Londres) y Zucker. Como la cerámica o los tejidos, las joyas podían estar
adornadas con fórmulas votivas para sus destinatarios, en su mayoría anónimos.
Las técnicas de granulación y de filigrana de
orfebrería, provenientes de una larga tradición antigua, helenística e iraní, están
efectivamente demostradas en la época fatimí, donde alcanzan su apogeo. Se
encuentran en numerosas joyas de oro, pendientes, collares, paramentos de cinturones…
La filigrana se utiliza igualmente, en la misma época, en diversas obras occidentales.
El destinatario de esta joya habría podido ser
tanto una mujer como un hombre: a pesar de la prohibición del porte de oro por
los hombres en el Islam, las fuentes medievales muestran la existencia de
juegos de oro engastados de piedras preciosas llevadas por hombres.
Nota
[1] Anillo, Egipto, siglo XI, oro, Nueva York, The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1971.165.
Bibliografía del objeto
Liban, l’autre rive, Cat. Exp., Paris, 1998, Institut du Monde Arabe, Flammarion, p. 256-257.
Bibliografía de referencia
Content, D. J., Islamic Rings and Gems, The
Benjamin Zucker Collection, Londres, 1987, Philip Wilson Publishers.
Jenkins, M., Keene, M., Islamic Jewelry in
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1982, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Jenkins, M., « Fatimid Jewelry, Its
Subtypes and Influences », in Ars Orientalis, 18, 1988, p. 39-57.
Shalem,
A., « Jewels and Journeys: The Case of the Medieval Gemstone called al-Yatima
», in Muqarnas, 14,
1997, p. 42-56.
Wenzel,
M., Ornament and Amulet: Rings of the Islamic Lands, Londres, 1993, The Nour Foundation &
Azimuth Editions.
Trésors fatimides du Caire, cat. exp., Paris, Gand, 1998, Institut
du monde arabe, Snoeck Ducaju & Zoon.
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