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Dish with epigraphic decoration
- Title/name : Dish with epigraphic decoration
- Production place : Raqqada (Kairouan), Tunisia
- Discovery place : Site of Raqqada
- Date / period : Late ninth century–first half of tenth century
- Materials and techniques : Clay ceramic, painted decoration over opacified glaze
- Dimensions : H. 9 cm; D. opening: 33 cm; D. stand: 10.5 cm.
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Museum of the Islamic arts of Raqqada
- Inventory number : 37-2
This large dish rests on a low ring-shaped stand with an oblique contour. It has a simple lip that turns out slightly.
It is decorated in greens and browns on a white ground. The ground is occupied by an epigraphic decoration in which the word al-mulk (strength) is repeated twice on each line. Kufic script with uprights ending in concave bevelled tips was in wide use in the tenth century. The other specimens of dishes with epigraphic decoration that can be attributed to the Aghlabid era have finer writing.
The decoration is drawn on the inside of two wavy concentric circles, each formed of three green rings and a median brown wave. These decorative compositions are the local transcription of eastern models, attested in Mesopotamia on dishes dating from the ninth and tenth centuries[1], which often feature a monochrome decoration on a white ground.
Epigraphic decorations containing the same word, al-mulk, are found on Andalusian dishes from the Umayyad period[2]. The same model appeared again five centuries later on the Spanish ceramics of Paterna (late fourteenth–early fifteenth century), testifying to a common taste amongst different populations of the western Mediterranean.
Epigraphy is a distinctive decorative theme that is representative of Islamic art. The most common terms used in the Maghreb and Spain are al-mulk (“strength”), al-mālik (“the powerful one”) and al-mulk lillah (“sovereignty is God’s”). These invocations, often repeated several times on the same line, refer to the power of God, the only master of the Universe.
It should be noted that the green and white palette was in vogue in the ninth and tenth centuries in Samarkand, Iraq and above all in Andalusia during the Caliphate (tenth century).
[1] Lustre ceramic dish with floral decoration, Iraq, ninth c., National Museum of Koweit, inv. LNS 98C.
[2] Dish held at National Museum of Madrid, inv. 63047. A similar dish from Madinat Al-Zahra is in the Archaeological Museum of Cordoba, inv. MA/MV/1036.
Louhichi, A., De Raqqada à Qallaline (900-1900). L’art de vivre en Tunisie, à travers la céramique, (exh. cat., Nabeul, 2000), Nabeul, 2000, Néapolis Céram, p. 20.
30 ans au service du patrimoine, (exh. cat., Tunis, Le Belvédère, 1986), Tunis, 1986, INAA, p. 253-254, 253, n° IV.46.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris, 1994, IMA, Adam Biro, p. 129.
Garcia, M., Las Ollerias de Paterna, t. I, siglos XII Y XIII, Valence, 2001, Ayuntamiento de Paterna, p. 218.
Wilkinson, Ch. K., Nishapur : Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York, 1973, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à
Cordoue, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000), Paris, 2000, IMA, Hazan, p. 126-127, 192.
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