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Antependium of Grandson
- Title/name : Antependium of Grandson
- Production place : Cyprus
- Discovery place : Cathedral, tomb of the knight Othon de Grandson, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Date / period : Late thirteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Assembled embroidered taffeta and silk serge. Central section: taffeta background, red silk; point couché retiré embroidery, in silver gilt lamé thread on yellow silk core, red, blue, green, brown, green, white and black silk. Lateral sections: serge background, black silk, point couché retiré embroidery, in silver gilt lamé thread on yellow silk core.
- Dimensions : H. 88 cm; w. 328 cm
- Conservation town : Berne
- Conservation place : Musée historique
- Inventory number : inv. 18
The antependium[1] is connected to Othon I de Grandson. He is portrayed at the bottom of the central section, together with his coat of arms. He served the king of England as a knight, playing a role in the siege and fall of Acre in 1291. When the town was lost, he took refuge in Cyprus, where he stayed for over three years. After this, he became a diplomat (1295-1307), and then a councillor to Edward I of England.
The iconography of the central section of the antependium follows Byzantine convention insofar as the subject and composition are concerned. An enthroned Virgin of the Hodegetria type, holding her infant in her left arm, is flanked by the archangels Michael and Gabriel, who are each waving a censer of a form frequently found in the medieval western world. Vases of leafy branches are arranged between them. A kneeling knight in a coat of mail, armed with a sword, is shown at the feet of the Virgin, at her right. The Grandson arms are embroidered on either side.
The lateral sections feature a typically Western decoration, comprising a vessel shaped like a kantharos holding vine foliage.
For several reasons, the central part of this work has been attributed to a Cypriot workshop and is thought to be closely linked to the story of the knight Othon de Grandson and his sojourn in Cyprus in the late thirteenth century. The fact that the knight and his coat of arms, worked using the same techniques and materials, feature here leads us to deduce that the Cypriot workshops worked to commission, adding other specific elements to the principal feature (in this case, the Virgin and the archangels) according to what was specified.
At the time, the island of Cyprus was renowned for its gold embroidery, frequently mentioned in the inventories of Western churches. The central section of the antependium of Grandson is indeed a work of very fine quality.
The inscriptions in three languages (Christ's initials in Greek; "MAT DNI", for Mater Domini in Latin, in Gothic characters; and Saint Gabiel [sic] and Saint Michiel [sic] in French[2]) in addition to certain iconographic details enable us to place this work in the context of a Crusader kingdom, where Western and Byzantine influences intermingled, thereby strengthening the hypothesis that it was produced in Cyprus.
[1] Central section: taffeta background, red silk; point couché retire embroidery, in silver gilt lame thread on yellow silk core, red, blue, green, brown, green, white and black silk. Lateral sections: serge background, black silk, point couché retiré embroidery, in silver gilt lame thread on yellow silk core.
[2] The fact that there is an error in each of the names suggests that the work was produced in a region where there were few French speakers. In additions, the omission of the "r" from "Gabriel" may be due to an abbreviation used in the Greek name, which makes no sense in French.
Chypre d’Aphrodite à Mélusine. Exh. cat. Milan, 2006, Skira.
Martiniani-Reber, M. “Une broderie exceptionnelle conservée en Suisse: l’antependium de Grandson” in Chypre d’Aphrodite à Mélusine, Eclairages archéologiques et historiques, Genova, 2007, ed. La Pomme d’Or.
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