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Ewer of Marwan II
- Title/name : Ewer of Marwan II
- Discovery place : Oasis of Faiyum (Egypt), near Abu Sir al-Malaq, ‘cemetery of Marwan Ibn Muhammad’
- Date / period : Eighth century AD
- Materials and techniques : Copper alloy; moulded and engraved decorations
- Dimensions : Height 41cm; Diameter (max.) 28cm
- Conservation town : Cairo
- Conservation place : The Museum of Islamic Art
- Inventory number : 9281
This spherical ewer on a narrow, circular base with a cylindrical neck, whose upper section is decorated with openwork, has a spout in the form of a cock and a high handle, parallel to the neck. The tubular handle, ornamented with floral motifs and rows of beadwork, is attached to the ewer’s rim, forming a cross, and to the body with a large leaf motif in relief. A series of crescent-shaped radiating arches resting on columns runs round the body. Enclosed in each arch are plants and/or animals.
The ewer is part of a series of six[1] discoveries in various parts of the Islamic world, including Central Asia. The ewers of the eighth and ninth centuries, in whatever material they were made, all share the common feature of a high handle that runs parallel to the neck and is attached to the rim and body of the ewer[2]. In Baer’s view, the spherical shape and tubular neck is modelled on Roman-Byzantine (particularly glass bottles)—and not Sassanid—objects.
The spout, a three-dimensional cock with ruffled wings and which appears to be crowing, is rendered with great realism. It is very similar to a whole series of fairly large bronze objects—birds[3], cocks[4], mammals[5], and so on—from the first centuries of Islam.
The recessed decorations, which were very common during the Umayyad period, follow the tradition of classical art. Bronzework reached its zenith in Mediterranean and Sassanid antiquity (224–651), and then spread to the Islamic world. Specialists generally date this ewer from the Umayyad period, because of its place of origin—a cemetery named after the last of the dynasty’s caliphs, who died in Egypt in 750 while fleeing from the Abassids.
[1] See, for example, the ewer in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), 41.65.
[2] Ewer, Jerusalem, L.A. Mayer Memorial, 83–69.
[3] Eagle signed by Suleyman, 796–797, the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.
[4] Cock, Iran or Near-East, eighth to ninth centuries, part. coll.
[5] Horse, Iran, tenth century, the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.
Baer, E., Metalwork in Medieval Islamic art, Albany, State University of New-York, 1983, p. 85 – 86.
Sarre, F., « Die Bronzekanne des Kalifen Marwan II im arabischen Museum in Kairo », Ars Islamica, I, 1934, p. 10-16.
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