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Aguamanil de Marwân II
- Título / Denominación : Aguamanil de Marwân II
- Lugar de producción : Egipto, Oasis de Fayoum, en las cercanías de Abû Sîr al-Malaq, «cementerio de Marwan Ibn Muhammad»
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo VIII
- Material y técnica : Aleación de cobre; decoración moldeada, grabada
- Dimensiones : Alt. 41 cm; diám. (máx) 28 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : El Cairo
- Lugar de conservación : Museo de arte islámico
- Número de Inventario : 9281
Este aguamanil de panza globular y estrecha base circular, con cuello cilíndrico terminado en un manguito calado, presenta un pico vertedor en forma de gallo y un asa alta paralela al cuello. El asa tubular, decorada con motivos florales y filas de perlas, se sujeta a la altura del labio de la pieza formando un cayado y a la altura de la panza mediante un ancho motivo vegetal en relieve. La panza está rodeada por una hilera de nichos con bovedillas radiales cuyos arcos descansan sobre columnas. Cada nicho contiene plantas o animales, y a veces ambos.
Esta jarra forma parte de una serie de seis[1] descubiertas en diferentes regiones del mundo islámico, incluyendo Asia Central. Los aguamaniles de los siglos VIII-IX, independientemente de cual sea su material, tienen en común el asa alta y paralela al cuello, sujeta a la altura del labio del objeto y a la panza[2]. Según Baer, la forma de la panza globular y del cuello tubular procedería más de los modelos romano-bizantinos (sobre todo de las botellas de vidrio) que de los sasánidas.
El pico vertedor, en forma de gallo, en relieve de tipo bulto redondo, que con sus alas encrespadas parece gritar, está representado con realismo. Recuerda toda una serie de objetos de bronce –pájaros[3], gallos[4], mamíferos[5], etc. –de gran tamaño, elaborados durante los primeros siglos del Islam.
La ornamentación de celdillas, muy común en la época de los Omeyas, se inscribe en el legado del arte antiguo. El arte del bronce vivió su edad de oro en la antigüedad mediterránea y sasánida (224-651) y posteriormente continuó en el mundo islámico. En el caso de este aguamanil, los expertos suelen dar una datación omeya, debido a su procedencia, un cementerio que lleva el nombre del último califa de la dinastía, muerto en el año 750 en Egipto cuando huía de la venganza abasí.
[1] Véase, por ejemplo, el aguamanil del Metropolitan Museum of Art de Nueva York, 41.65.
[2] Aguamanil, Jerusalén, L.A. Mayer Memorial, 83-69.
[3] Águila firmada Sulayman, 796 – 797, San Petersburgo, Museo del Hermitage.
[4] Gallo, Irán u Oriente Próximo, siglos VIII – IX, colección particular.
[5] Caballo, Irán, siglo X, San Petersburgo, Museo del Hermitage.
Baer, E., Metalwork in Medieval Islamic art, Albany : State University of New-York, 1983, p. 85 – 86.
Sarre, F., « Die Bronzekanne des Kalifen Marwan II im arabischen Museum in Kairo », Ars Islamica, I, 1934, p. 10-16.
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